Adhyaya 353
Chapter 353: कारकं (Kāraka — Syntactic Relations) with Vibhakti-Artha (Case-Meaning Integration)
本章承接前一章关于中性词形的语法层次，由苏甘达起首承诺将“kāraka（句法关系）”与“vibhakti（格尾）之语义力量”合并讲解。文中界定施事（kartṛ）为独立者，并区分使役性的施事作用；继而提出分类：行作者分五类，受事/宾体（karma）分七类，并以带有伦理旨趣与毗湿奴信仰色彩的例证说明，如与吉祥女神Śrī同礼敬毗湿奴、为哈利（Hari）之吉祥而行供奉、以向毗湿奴作namaskāra而得解脱。随后逐一论述诸kāraka——工具（karaṇa）、受与者（sampradāna）、离源/分离（apādāna）、处所（adhikaraṇa）——并对应到格的用法，包含特殊结构：karmapravacanīya取宾格；namaḥ/svāhā等感叹词配与格；在“anabhihita（未明说）”语境中用第三格与第六格。又指出文体/语义之失（vaiṣayika、sāmīpyaka）与惯用处所格，末了说明属格的应用，并限制某些派生构形中不得用属格。全章以阿耆尼之学（Agneya Vidyā）呈现技术语法，旨在护持法（dharma）、澄清戒命，并使意义归向奉爱。
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Frequently Asked Questions
The chapter emphasizes kāraka–vibhakti integration: how agent, object, instrument, recipient, source, and locus relations are expressed through specific case-endings, including special rules for karmapravacanīyas, interjections (namaḥ/svāhā), and ‘anabhihita’ (unstated-sense) contexts.
By making linguistic roles and case-meanings precise, it safeguards correct understanding of śāstric injunctions and devotional statements; its examples explicitly point to Hari/Viṣṇu as the liberating refuge, aligning grammatical mastery (vidyā) with dharma-practice and mukti-oriented devotion.