Adhyaya 350
Forms Established by the suP (Nominal Case-Endings) — सुब्विभक्तसिद्धरूपम्
本章由连声（sandhi）所生之形转入名词屈折。天军（Skanda）教迦底耶那（Kātyāyana）两种屈折体系：名词用 suP，动词用 tiṅ，并以 suP 为七种格（vibhakti）之根本。文中逐一列举各格之词尾组合，并以 prātipadika（名词词干：不含 dhātu 与动词词尾者）为立论基础。又将词干分为元音结尾（ajanta）与辅音结尾（halanta），各具阳/阴/中三性，继而举 ‘nāyaka’ 等范例，并收录多种不规则与吠陀体。其要义在以 kāraka 语义贯通格义：主格表自义与呼格，宾格表 karman（受事/对象），具格表 karaṇa（工具），与格表 sampradāna（受领者），离格表 apādāna（来源/分离），属格表所有，处格表 adhikaraṇa（处所/依托）。后半提供范式与示例变格（如 sakhā、pati、pitā、gauḥ、rājā、panthā，以及代词 ka/ayam/asau），强调通行形式、例外与在学术及祭仪言语中的实际用法。
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Frequently Asked Questions
The chapter foregrounds suP-based nominal morphology: the precise suffix inventories for each vibhakti, the definition and classification of prātipadikas (ajanta/halanta; gendered), and kāraka-driven rules assigning cases by semantic role.
By disciplining speech through correct forms and semantic clarity, it supports accurate mantra and scripture usage, reduces interpretive error, and frames linguistic mastery as a dharmic practice—an Agneya Vidya that serves both worldly competence (bhukti) and spiritual refinement (mukti).