Adhyaya 199
Adhyāya 199 — Nāna-vratāni (Various Vows): Ṛtu-vrata, Saṅkrānti-vrata, Viṣṇu/Devī/Umā Observances
阿耆尼继续阐述誓戒篇（Vrata-khaṇḍa），说明诸种誓行能同时成就世间受用（bhukti）与解脱（mukti）。先说四季之誓（ṛtu-vrata），以供柴助成火供（homa），并以布施作结，如施“酥油牛”（ghee-cow）与酥油罐；又以黄昏守默为修持。继而叠加诸誓：偏向萨拉斯瓦蒂（Sārasvata）的修法，以 pañcāmṛta 沐浴并于岁末施牛；于恰特罗月（Caitra）行毗湿奴（Viṣṇu）之十一斋日（Ekādaśī）夜食誓（naktāśī），终得至毗湿奴住处；以及与吉祥天女/女神（Śrī/Devī）相关之戒，食 pāyasa，并施一对轭牛，且须先供祖灵（Pitṛs）与诸天（Devas）后方可进食。随后说明转节誓（Saṅkrānti-vrata），强调通宵守夜为生天之业，并增列历法加行：新月转节（amāvasyā-saṅkrānti）、北行（uttarāyaṇa）与昼夜平分点（viṣuva），配合以定量酥油（prastha）及定量供物（32 palas）作仪浴以除罪。最后提出妇女奉持乌玛—摩醯湿伐罗（Umā–Maheśvara）之誓，于月相第3与第8日修行，以得婚姻吉祥、免于离别，并以对太阳信奉（Sūrya-bhakti）所述“随性别再生”为果报之说作结。
Shlokas
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Frequently Asked Questions
Ṛtu-vratas (seasonal observances), Saṅkrānti-vrata (solar ingress vigil), Viṣṇu-centered Ekādaśī naktāśī practice, Sārasvata vow with pañcāmṛta bath and cow donation, Śrī/Devī-related vow elements, and women’s Umā–Maheśvara rites on specific tithis.
It specifies timed observances (Caitra, Ekādaśī, amāvasyā-saṅkrānti, uttarāyaṇa, viṣuva), concrete ritual actions (night vigil, offering fuel-sticks, bathing with ghee/milk), and quantified measures (prastha of ghee; 32 palas) alongside prescribed dāna items.
By framing vows as disciplines that purify sin, cultivate restraint (e.g., sandhyā-mauna, regulated eating), and direct devotion to Viṣṇu/Devī/Śiva-Śakti, while also promising prosperity and status—thus aligning kāma/artha supports with dharma and mokṣa-oriented merit.