Adhyaya 122
Chapter 122 — Kāla-gaṇana (Computation of Time)
阿耆尼开篇以技术方式阐述有序的时间计算（samāgaṇa），以太阳运行与自“恰特罗月”（Caitra）起始的阴历月为根基。随后本章提出一套依规则运算的历法推算体系，运用编码的数词与位值操作，求得诸历要素：vāra（星期）、tithi（月日/阴历日）、nāḍī/ghaṭikā（时分单位）、nakṣatra（月宿）、yoga（瑜伽位）与karaṇa（半日分段）。文中详述分步算术——减法、乘以60、商与余数处理（含“负债”即负值）、逐月校正——并列举特殊情形，如从某些rāśi（黄道宫）起逆数，以及因不净或仪轨差异而需按所算差额比例作补偿供献。方法最终以令日月度量相等来稳定yoga，并判定诸karaṇa（如Pratipad初一之Kintughna），将精密历算确立为护持法（dharma）的技术，使祭仪择时、社会秩序与行事皆与宇宙法则相契。
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Frequently Asked Questions
A procedural arithmetic for calendrical computation: operations with multipliers (notably 60), quotient/remainder placement, fixed remainders (e.g., 27 for nakṣatra/yoga), month-by-month insertions (kṣepa), and handling of ṛṇa (negative) cases and reverse-counting across specific rāśis.
By establishing kāla-śuddhi—right timing and corrected calendrical factors—so rituals and vows align with cosmic order; the chapter frames precise Jyotiṣa computation as a dharmic aid that supports efficacy of practice, ethical order, and inner discipline toward puruṣārthas.