Adhyaya 213
Chapter 213 — पृथ्वीदानानि (Gifts of the Earth)
火神阿耆尼开始系统阐述“地施”(pṛthvī-dāna，施与土地/大地)，将布施视为对宇宙秩序的仿效与一种仪式技术。章首以分级标准界定大地，推及阎浮提(Jambūdvīpa)，并规定如何依特定重量（如若干bhāra之金）制作理想化的“地之模型”，其中包含龟形(kūrma)与莲华(padma)的构式，象征宇宙承载与吉祥开展。继而由象征转入功德果报：施主得至梵天界(Brahmaloka)，与祖灵(Pitṛ)同享欢喜；以毗湿奴(Viṣṇu)为中心的供施，则以如意神牛(Kāmadhenu)为典范奖报。经文推尊“牛施”(go-dāna)为“诸施之总”(sarva-dāna)，并扩展高功德之施：在毗湿奴前供养褐色母牛kapilā以救度宗族，施赠盛饰女子得与马祭(Aśvamedha)等同之福，以及施与沃土、村落、城邑或市镇以获富足安乐。章末以迦尔提迦月(Kārttika)放牛(公牛)之仪(vṛṣotsarga)作为解脱宗族之法，完成从宇宙象征到社会经济之法(dharma)的全幅。
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Frequently Asked Questions
It prescribes graded standards and symbolic constructions for ‘gifting the Earth’ using precise measures and auspicious forms (kūrma/padma), and it links these gifts—along with land, cow, settlement, and bull-release rites—to lineage uplift and attainment of higher worlds such as Brahmaloka.
It treats dāna as a calibrated dharmic act: correct form, material measure, and devotional context (notably before Viṣṇu) convert wealth into merit, benefiting Pitṛs and lineage while orienting the donor toward higher loka-attainments and purified prosperity.