Adhyaya 331
Adhyaya 331 — विषमकथनम् (Statement on Irregular Metres)
火神阿耆尼继续阐述《韵律学》(chhandas-śāstra)，由诸类格律转入对“不规则”之判别。他将 vṛtta 分为三种：sama（全等）、ardha-sama（半等）、viṣama（不等），并说明半等体如何由两半句的相合与不相合而成。随后，本章把音步跨度的偏差分为不足（viṣama）、过度（ativṛtta）与合乎常则（sāmānya），并引入如“glauca”度量与“vitānaka”铺陈等技术标准。阿耆尼又提出 pāda 层面的操作规则，如起首的 vakra（变格）以及自第四音节起施用 pathyā 的原则，并列举依 gaṇa 序列而立名的诸体：Capalā、Yujasvan、Vipulā 及其分型，Cakra-jāti，āpīḍa/pratyāpīḍa，mañjarī/lavaṇī，Amṛtadhārā，Saurabha 及相关诸变。末尾预告后续将解说更多格律，延续《普拉那》将技术之 vidyā 归整为有序法义之学的方法。
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Frequently Asked Questions
It emphasizes metrical diagnostics and construction rules: the tripartite vṛtta taxonomy (sama/ardha-sama/viṣama), deficiency vs excess vs conformity of span, and pāda-level operational guidance (initial vakra and pathyā application from the fourth syllable), followed by gaṇa-sequence-based naming of variants.
By preserving the formal integrity of sacred speech—hymn, mantra, and śāstric verse—prosodic knowledge protects meaning and transmission; disciplined composition becomes a dharmic skill that supports devotion, study, and cultural order alongside mokṣa-oriented practice.