Shloka 64

Dietary Rules & Purification — Dietary Rules, Purification (Śauca), and the Duties of the Householder and Forest-Dweller

Devanagari script

स्वानि वर्णाश्रमोक्तानि धर्माणीह न हापयेत् यो हापयति तस्यासौ परिकुप्यति भास्करः

Transliteration

svāni varṇāśramoktāni dharmāṇīha na hāpayet yo hāpayati tasyāsau parikupyati bhāskaraḥ

Translation

Ở đây, người ta không nên từ bỏ các bổn phận (dharma) được quy định theo varṇa và āśrama của chính mình. Ai từ bỏ chúng thì Thần Mặt Trời (Bhāskara) sẽ nổi giận dữ dội đối với người ấy.

Word by Word

• svāni: one's own
• svāni: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napumsaka (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Dvitīyā (2nd/द्वितीया), Bahuvacana (plural); sarvanāma-prayoga (pronominal adjective)

• varṇa-āśrama-uktāni: prescribed by varṇa and āśrama
• varṇa-āśrama-uktāni: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) of dharmāṇi
• Type: Adjective
• Root: varṇa (प्रातिपदिक) + āśrama (प्रातिपदिक) + ukta (कृदन्त, √vac/वच् past passive participle)
• Form: Napumsaka, Dvitīyā, Bahuvacana; samāsa: varṇāśramoktāni = varṇāśramaiḥ uktāni (instrumental-tatpurusha sense)

• dharmāṇi: duties, dharmas
• dharmāṇi: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dharma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napumsaka, Dvitīyā, Bahuvacana

• iha: here
• iha: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iha (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; deśa-kāla-avyaya (adverb: here/in this world)

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; niṣedha-particle (negation)

• hāpayet: should not cause (them) to be abandoned / should not neglect
• hāpayet: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √hā (हा) + ṇic (णिच् causative)
• Form: Vidhi-liṅ (विधिलिङ्, optative), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd person), Ekavacana (singular); parasmaipada; causative: ‘cause to abandon/neglect’

• yaḥ: who
• yaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (यद् सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Ekavacana; relative pronoun

• hāpayati: causes to abandon / neglects
• hāpayati: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √hā (हा) + ṇic (णिच् causative)
• Form: Laṭ (लट्, present), Prathama-puruṣa, Ekavacana; parasmaipada; causative

• tasya: of him
• tasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (तद् सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (or sarvanāma), Ṣaṣṭhī (6th/genitive), Ekavacana

• asau: that (one)
• asau: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: adas (अदस् सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; demonstrative pronoun

• parikupyati: becomes very angry
• parikupyati: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pari + √kup (कुप्)
• Form: Laṭ (present), Prathama-puruṣa, Ekavacana; ātmanepada; upasarga: pari-

• bhāskaraḥ: the Sun (Bhāskara)
• bhāskaraḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhāskara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana

Speakers

• Not stated in the provided excerpt (commonly Pulastya → Nārada framework in Vāmana Purāṇa; uncertain here)

Primary Deities

• Surya (Bhāskara)

Key Themes

• Varṇāśrama-dharma
• Consequences of adharma
• Sūrya as witness/overseer

Verse Rasa (Emotional Flavour)

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhayanaka", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Ethically, dharma is portrayed as binding and personalized: neglecting one’s ordained responsibilities is not neutral but a moral breach with cosmic repercussions.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana?

Didactic dharma material (ācāra) embedded within narrative tradition; not directly sarga/pratisarga, but aligned with instructive portions often accompanying vamśa/vamśānucarita contexts.

What is the symbolic significance?

Sūrya represents visibility, order, and the ‘witness’ principle; his anger symbolizes that adharma disrupts ṛta (cosmic order) and becomes manifest in worldly life.