Skanda Purana — Prabhasa Khanda, Shloka 31

Devanagari script

सद्गुणाः कर्मवीर्य्याणि कृतानि विष्णुना पुरा । लीलावताररूपैस्तु शृण्वन्ति परया मुदा

Transliteration

sadguṇāḥ karmavīryyāṇi kṛtāni viṣṇunā purā | līlāvatārarūpaistu śṛṇvanti parayā mudā

Translation

Với niềm hoan hỷ tối thượng, họ lắng nghe các đức hạnh cao quý và những chiến công anh dũng Viṣṇu đã làm thuở xưa, hiển lộ qua các hóa thân (avatāra) nhiệm mầu.

Word by Word

• सद्गुणाः: excellent virtues
• सद्गुणाः: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सत् + गुण (प्रातिपदिक); सद्गुण (समास-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• कर्मवीर्य्याणि: heroic deeds (acts of prowess)
• कर्मवीर्य्याणि: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर्म + वीर्य (प्रातिपदिक); कर्मवीर्य (समास-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• कृतानि: done / performed
• कृतानि: Karma (as qualifier of object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कृ (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, बहुवचन; विशेषण (कर्मवीर्य्याणि)

• विष्णुना: by Viṣṇu
• विष्णुना: Kartr (Agent in passive sense/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विष्णु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• पुरा: formerly
• पुरा: Kriya-visheshana (Temporal adverb)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पुरा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; कालवाचक (adverb: formerly)

• लीलावताररूपैः: through forms of sportive incarnations
• लीलावताररूपैः: Karana (Instrument/means/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लीला + अवतार + रूप (प्रातिपदिक); लीलावताररूप (समास-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; साधन/प्रकारवाचक (means/mode)

• तु: but / indeed
• तु: Nipata (Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निपात (contrastive particle)

• शृण्वन्ति: hear
• शृण्वन्ति: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: श्रु (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन, परस्मैपद

• परया: with supreme
• परया: Karana (Instrument/means/करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण (मुदा)

• मुदा: joy
• मुदा: Karana (Instrument/means/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मुद्/मुदा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

Speaker

Sūta (deduced from section context)

Tirtha Mahatmya

Tirtha: Dvārakā

Type: kshetra

Visual Art Cues

Scene: Listeners gathered as a storyteller recounts Viṣṇu’s avatāras; scenes of heroic deeds appear like living tableaux—Nṛsiṃha, Rāma, Kṛṣṇa—while the audience rejoices.

Characters & Entities

• Viṣṇu
• Avatāra

FAQs

What is the primary spiritual lesson of this shloka?

Devotional listening to Viṣṇu’s virtues and avatāra-līlās is itself a joy-filled path that purifies and elevates the heart.

Which specific holy site (Tirtha) is glorified here?

Dvārakā is the implied sacred setting in this Māhātmya, where Hari-kathā naturally flourishes among devotees.

What ritualistic prescription is mentioned?

Śravaṇa (listening to sacred narratives of Viṣṇu’s avatāras) is highlighted as a devotional practice.