विरुद्धं यत्त्रिवर्गेण न्यूनं कष्टातिशब्दकम् । व्युत्क्रमाभिहृतं यच् सशेषं चाप्यहेतुकम्
viruddhaṃ yattrivargeṇa nyūnaṃ kaṣṭātiśabdakam | vyutkramābhihṛtaṃ yac saśeṣaṃ cāpyahetukam
Lời nói là lỗi khi trái với ba mục tiêu đời sống (dharma, artha, kāma), khi thiếu hụt, khi thô gắt hoặc phóng đại quá mức, khi trình bày đảo lộn, khi chưa trọn vẹn, và khi thốt ra không có lý do chính đáng.
Lomaharṣaṇa/Sūta (deduced, Māheśvara-khaṇḍa narrative frame)
Scene: A council-like teaching: the speaker lays out dharma-aligned points in orderly sequence on a board/manuscript; a contrasting figure speaks chaotically and is gently corrected; emphasis on ‘krama’ and ‘hetu’.
Righteous speech supports dharma and should be coherent, complete, and purposeful—never harsh, confused, or baseless.
No specific tīrtha is named in this verse; it teaches general purāṇic dharma about disciplined speech.
No external ritual is prescribed; the instruction is an inner discipline—purifying speech by avoiding recognized faults.