Skanda Purana — Mahesvara Khanda, Shloka 42

Devanagari script

द्वे कोट्यौ च जनो यत्र निवसंति चतुःसनाः । चतुर्भिश्चापि कोटीभिस्तपोलोकस्ततः स्मॉतः

Transliteration

dve koṭyau ca jano yatra nivasaṃti catuḥsanāḥ | caturbhiścāpi koṭībhistapolokastataḥ smaॉtaḥ

Translation

Vùng ấy gọi là Janoloka, nơi bốn vị Kumāra (Tứ Thánh) cư ngụ. Vượt lên trên nữa, Tapoloka được ghi nhớ là trải dài bốn koṭi.

Word by Word

• dve: two
• dve: Viśeṣaṇa (Numeral qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dvi (संख्याप्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), द्विवचन; ‘कोट्यौ’ इति विशेष्यस्य संख्या

• koṭyau: two koṭis (crores)
• koṭyau: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: koṭi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), द्विवचन

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (Conjunction/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• janaḥ: people / beings
• janaḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: jana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• yatra: where
• yatra: Adhikaraṇa (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yatra (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (relative adverb: where)

• nivasaṃti: dwell / reside
• nivasaṃti: Kriyā (Verb/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ni-√vas (वस्, धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; परस्मैपद

• catuḥ-sanāḥ: the ‘four-sanas’ (textually uncertain group)
• catuḥ-sanāḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: catur (संख्या) + sana (प्रातिपदिक; ‘सन’/‘सनाः’ पाठदुर्लभ)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन; समासः—संख्यापूर्वकः; पाठः संदिग्धः (संभवतः ‘चतुःसनाः’ = ‘चारि सनाः/वर्षाणि/युगानि’ इत्यादि)

• caturbhiḥ: with four
• caturbhiḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (Numeral qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: catur (संख्याप्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसक, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन; ‘कोटीभिः’ इति विशेष्यस्य संख्या

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (Conjunction/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• api: also
• api: Sambandha (Particle/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: अपि-कारक-अव्यय (particle: also)

• koṭībhiḥ: by/with koṭis (crores)
• koṭībhiḥ: Karaṇa (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: koṭi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन

• tapaḥ-lokaḥ: Tapoloka
• tapaḥ-lokaḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tapaḥ (प्रातिपदिक) + loka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• tataḥ: thereafter / from that
• tataḥ: Sambandha (Adverbial/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tataḥ (अव्यय/तद्-प्रभव)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb: from there/thereafter)

• smṛtaḥ: is known / is called
• smṛtaḥ: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa / Predicative (Predicate adjective/विधेय)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √smṛ (स्मृ, धातु) → smṛta (कृदन्त, क्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त; पाठे ‘स्मॉतः’ इति अशुद्धलिपिः—‘स्मृतः’ इति ग्राह्यम्

Speaker

Lomaharṣaṇa (Sūta) to the sages (deduced from Māheśvara-khaṇḍa framing)

Tirtha Mahatmya

Tirtha: Janaloka / Tapoloka (cosmic regions)

Type: kshetra

Visual Art Cues

Scene: Janaloka as a luminous hermitage-realm where the Four Kumāras dwell as youthful sages; beyond, Tapoloka as a radiant austerity-field.

Characters & Entities

• Janoloka
• Catuḥsanāḥ (Four Kumāras)
• Tapoloka
• Koṭi

FAQs

What is the primary spiritual lesson of this shloka?

It associates higher realms with renunciation and tapas, presenting ascetic purity as a cosmic principle.

Which specific holy site (Tirtha) is glorified here?

No earthly tīrtha is named; the verse praises the supramundane abodes of sages.

What ritualistic prescription is mentioned?

No explicit rite is prescribed; Tapoloka is referenced as the realm of austerity.