तापयन्दुःखसंघातं साधूनाप्याययन्रविः । उत्तरार्को महातेजाः काशीं रक्षति सर्वदा
tāpayanduḥkhasaṃghātaṃ sādhūnāpyāyayanraviḥ | uttarārko mahātejāḥ kāśīṃ rakṣati sarvadā
Thiêu đốt khối khổ đau và nuôi dưỡng bậc hiền thiện, Đức Mặt Trời—đại quang minh với danh ‘Uttarārka’—luôn luôn hộ trì Kāśī.
Skanda
Tirtha: Uttarārka (Arka-kuṇḍa)
Type: kund
Listener: ‘Suvrata’ interlocutor
Scene: Sūrya as a blazing guardian above Kāśī, rays like a garland; dark forms of ‘duḥkha’ are scorched away while ascetics and devotees are bathed in warm light.
Divine power in Kāśī is portrayed as both purifying (burning sorrow) and sustaining (nourishing the righteous).
Uttarārka (associated with Arka-kuṇḍa) as a protective solar presence over Kāśī.
None directly; it states the deity’s ongoing protective and beneficent function.