Skanda Purana — Kashi Khanda, Shloka 45

Devanagari script

अनधीतो न विप्रोभूदशूरोनैव बाहुजः । वैश्योनभिज्ञो नैवासीदर्थोपार्जनकर्मसु

Transliteration

anadhīto na viprobhūdaśūronaiva bāhujaḥ | vaiśyonabhijño naivāsīdarthopārjanakarmasu

Translation

Trong cõi nước ấy, không có Bà-la-môn nào thất học; không có Sát-đế-lỵ nào thiếu dũng lực; và không có Phệ-xá nào mù mờ về bổn phận tạo lập và gìn giữ tài sản—mỗi giai cấp đều kiên trụ trong pháp của mình.

Word by Word

• anadhītaḥ: not studied, unlearned
• anadhītaḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: an-adhīta (कृदन्त; √adhī- ‘अधी’ + क्त, उपसर्ग ‘अन्’ नञ्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त भूतकर्मणि/भूतभावे कृदन्त; नञ्-पूर्वक (negative)

• na: not
• na: Sambandha/Modifier (सम्बन्ध/विशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधार्थक अव्यय (particle of negation)

• vipraḥ: a Brahmin
• vipraḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vipra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• abhūt: became/was
• abhūt: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √bhū (भू)
• Form: लङ् (Imperfect/Past), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन

• aśūraḥ: not brave, cowardly
• aśūraḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: a-śūra (प्रातिपदिक; नञ् + śūra)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; नञ्-पूर्वक (negative)

• na: not
• na: Sambandha/Modifier (सम्बन्ध/विशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधार्थक अव्यय

• eva: indeed/at all
• eva: Sambandha/Modifier (सम्बन्ध/विशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारणार्थक अव्यय (emphatic/indeed)

• bāhujaḥ: Kshatriya (born of the arm)
• bāhujaḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bāhu-ja (प्रातिपदिक; bāhu + ja)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (बाहोः जातः)

• vaiśyaḥ: a Vaishya
• vaiśyaḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vaiśya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• anabhijñaḥ: not knowledgeable, unskilled
• anabhijñaḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: an-abhijña (प्रातिपदिक; नञ् + abhijña)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; नञ्-पूर्वक

• na: not
• na: Sambandha/Modifier (सम्बन्ध/विशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधार्थक अव्यय

• eva: indeed/at all
• eva: Sambandha/Modifier (सम्बन्ध/विशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारणार्थक अव्यय

• āsīt: was
• āsīt: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √as (अस्)
• Form: लङ् (Imperfect/Past), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन

• artha-upārjana-karmasu: in the acts of earning wealth
• artha-upārjana-karmasu: Adhikarana (Locative/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: artha + upārjana + karman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष-समासः (अर्थस्य उपार्जनं येषु कर्मसु)

Speaker

Skanda

Tirtha Mahatmya

Tirtha: Kāśī (Avimukta-kṣetra)

Type: kshetra

Skanda Dialogue

Listener: Śaunaka and the Naimiṣāraṇya sages

Visual Art Cues

Scene: A serene, well-ordered city-kingdom around Kāśī: learned brāhmaṇas reciting, valorous kṣatriyas guarding gates, vaiśyas weighing goods and giving charity—each in harmonious duty under a righteous king.

Characters & Entities

• Divodāsa

FAQs

What is the primary spiritual lesson of this shloka?

A dharmic society flourishes when each person cultivates excellence and integrity in their rightful duties.

Which specific holy site (Tirtha) is glorified here?

Kāśī and its surrounding sacred realm are praised indirectly through the ideal dharmic order associated with its history.

What ritualistic prescription is mentioned?

No specific rite is prescribed here; the focus is on disciplined conduct and vocational dharma.