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Shloka 9

Sadācāra–Varṇa-lakṣaṇa and Prātaḥkṛtya

Right Conduct, Social Typologies, and Morning Purification

निशांत्यायामोषा ज्ञेया यामार्धं संधिरुच्यते । तत्काले तु समुत्थाय विण्मूत्रे विसृजेद्द्विजः

niśāṃtyāyāmoṣā jñeyā yāmārdhaṃ saṃdhirucyate | tatkāle tu samutthāya viṇmūtre visṛjeddvijaḥ

Khoảng cuối đêm được gọi là uṣā (bình minh); đó là “sandhi” (thời khắc giao) kéo dài nửa một yāma. Khi ấy, người hai lần sinh (dvija) nên thức dậy và bài tiết phân, nước tiểu để thực hành sự thanh tịnh tự nhiên.

niśā-antyāyāmat the end of the night
niśā-antyāyām:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootniśā (प्रातिपदिक) + antya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः: niśāyāḥ antyāyām = at the end of the night
uṣādawn
uṣā:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootuṣā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
jñeyāis to be known (as)
jñeyā:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootjñā (धातु)
FormGerundive/Obligatory passive participle (तव्यत्/यत्-प्रत्यय, भाव्य/कर्तव्य), Feminine, Nominative, Singular; 'to be known/should be understood'
yāma-ardhamhalf a yāma (a time-period)
yāma-ardham:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootyāma (प्रातिपदिक) + ardha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः: yāmasya ardham = half of a yāma
saṃdhiḥjunction (twilight period)
saṃdhiḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsaṃdhi (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular
ucyateis called
ucyate:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (धातु)
FormPresent tense (लट्), Passive voice (कर्मणि), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)
tat-kāleat that time
tat-kāle:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) + kāla (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Locative (7th), Singular; तत्पुरुषः: tasmin kāle = at that time
tubut/indeed
tu:
Sambandha/Discourse particle (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
FormParticle (निपात), adversative/emphatic
samutthāyahaving risen
samutthāya:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootsam-ut-sthā (धातु)
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा), 'having risen/after getting up'
viṭ-mūtrein (matters of) feces and urine
viṭ-mūtre:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootviṭ (प्रातिपदिक) + mūtra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Locative (7th), Dual (द्विवचन); इतरेतर-द्वन्द्वः: feces and urine
visṛjetshould void/should excrete
visṛjet:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvi-sṛj (धातु)
FormOptative/benedictive mood (विधिलिङ्), Parasmaipada, 3rd person, Singular
dvijaḥa twice-born (Brahmin)
dvijaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootdvija (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st), Singular

Suta Goswami (narrating traditional Shaiva dharma and observances to the sages)

Tattva Level: pashu

Shiva Form: Sadāśiva

Significance: General: emphasizes śauca (purity) at the sandhi of night and day; such bodily purification is treated as prerequisite for temple entry, liṅga-sevā, and mantra-japa.

FAQs

It teaches śauca (purity) and disciplined timing: rising at dawn-sandhi and completing bodily purification is presented as the proper foundation for later Sandhyā, japa, and Shiva-pūjā—outer order supporting inner steadiness on the path to moksha.

Linga-worship emphasizes cleanliness and readiness of body-mind; by instructing purification at dawn-sandhi, the text aligns the devotee with an auspicious time for approaching Saguna Shiva in ritual, so the subsequent offerings, mantra-japa, and meditation are done without impurity.

A practical dinācārya step: rise at dawn-sandhi (uṣā), attend to natural elimination and cleanliness first, and then proceed to Sandhyā, Shiva mantra-japa (such as the Pañcākṣarī), and worship with a purified body and focused mind.