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Shiva Purana — Rudra Samhita, Shloka 1

देवशरणागति-नारदप्रेषणम् | The Devas Take Refuge in Śiva; Nārada Is Sent

सनत्कुमार उवाच । एवं शासति धर्मेण महीं तस्मिन्महासुरे । बभूवुर्दुःखिनो देवा भ्रातृभावान्मुनीश्वर

sanatkumāra uvāca | evaṃ śāsati dharmeṇa mahīṃ tasminmahāsure | babhūvurduḥkhino devā bhrātṛbhāvānmunīśvara

Sanatkumāra thưa rằng: Khi vị Đại Asura ấy cai trị địa cầu như thế, thi hành việc trị vì theo “dharma” của mình, thì chư Deva buồn khổ, hỡi bậc tôn chủ giữa các hiền triết; bởi hắn đối đãi họ với thái độ “huynh đệ”, khiến quyền uy thiên giới chính đáng của họ bị hạ xuống chỉ còn sự ngang bằng.

sanat-kumāraḥSanatkumāra
sanat-kumāraḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootsanat (प्रातिपदिक) + kumāra (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; कर्मधारय-समास (sanat = प्राचीन/सनातनः + kumāraḥ)
uvācasaid
uvāca:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Root√vac (वच्)
Formलिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन
evamthus
evam:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootevam (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; प्रकारवाचक (adverb)
śāsatirules/governs
śāsati:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Root√śās (शास्)
Formलट् (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन
dharmeṇaby righteousness
dharmeṇa:
Karaṇa (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootdharma (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन
mahīmthe earth
mahīm:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootmahī (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
tasminwhen/in that (one)
tasmin:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन
mahā-asurein that great asura
mahā-asure:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootmahā (अव्यय/उपसर्गवत्-पूर्वपद) + asura (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; कर्मधारय-समास
babhūvuḥbecame
babhūvuḥ:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Root√bhū (भू)
Formलिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), बहुवचन
duḥkhinaḥsorrowful
duḥkhinaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootduḥkhin (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन
devāḥthe gods
devāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootdeva (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन
bhrātṛ-bhāvātdue to brotherly feeling
bhrātṛ-bhāvāt:
Hetu/Apādāna (हेतु/अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootbhrātṛ (प्रातिपदिक) + bhāva (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/Ablative), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (bhrātṛṇāṃ bhāvaḥ)
muni-īśvaraO lord of sages
muni-īśvara:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Vocative)
TypeNoun
Rootmuni (प्रातिपदिक) + īśvara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (8th/Vocative), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (munīnām īśvaraḥ)

Sanatkumara

Tattva Level: pashu

S
Sanatkumara
D
Devas
M
Mahasura

FAQs

It highlights that even an outwardly ‘dharmic’ rule can become oppressive when it undermines the rightful cosmic order; the Devas’ sorrow signals imbalance that ultimately requires Shiva’s higher governance (Pati) to restore harmony.

In the Yuddhakhaṇḍa context, the Devas’ distress prepares the ground for seeking refuge in Saguna Shiva—approaching Shiva as the accessible Lord who protects dharma and re-establishes divine order, often symbolized through Linga-worship as surrender to the supreme authority beyond worldly power.

A practical takeaway is śaraṇāgati (taking refuge) through japa of the Pañcākṣarī—“Om Namaḥ Śivāya”—and simple Shiva-upāsanā (Tripuṇḍra/bhasma and Rudrākṣa remembrance) when one faces dharmic confusion or oppressive power.