Shiva Purana — Rudra Samhita, Shloka 48

देव-गण-समरः

Devas and Śiva’s Gaṇas Engage in Battle

Devanagari script

वीरभद्र उवाच । रेरे हरे महादेव शपथोल्लंघनं त्वया । कथमद्य कृतं चित्ते गर्वः किमभवत्तव

Transliteration

vīrabhadra uvāca | rere hare mahādeva śapathollaṃghanaṃ tvayā | kathamadya kṛtaṃ citte garvaḥ kimabhavattava

Translation

Vīrabhadra nói: “Này Hara—Mahādeva! Ngươi đã vượt qua lời thệ nguyện của mình. Hôm nay sao ngươi lại làm như thế? Niềm kiêu mạn nào đã dấy lên trong lòng ngươi?”

Word by Word

• वीरभद्रः: Vīrabhadra
• वीरभद्रः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वीर-भद्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; वक्ता (speaker)

• उवाच: said
• उवाच: Kriya (क्रिया/Main verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), परस्मैपद; प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• रे: hey!
• रे: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Vocative)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: रे (अव्यय)
• Form: सम्बोधनार्थक निपात (vocative particle; exclamation)

• रे: hey!
• रे: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Vocative)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: रे (अव्यय)
• Form: सम्बोधनार्थक निपात (repetition for emphasis)

• हरे: O Hari
• हरे: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Vocative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हरि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (Vocative/सम्बोधन), एकवचन

• महादेव: O Mahādeva
• महादेव: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Vocative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: महा-देव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन, एकवचन; समासः कर्मधारयः (महान् देवः)

• शपथ-उल्लङ्घनम्: violation of the oath
• शपथ-उल्लङ्घनम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शपथ-उल्लङ्घन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom/Acc) एकवचन; समासः षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (शपथस्य उल्लङ्घनम्)

• त्वया: by you
• त्वया: Kartr-karana (कर्तृकरण/Agent-instrumental)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: उत्तमपुरुष-सर्वनाम, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन

• कथम्: how
• कथम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/interrogative)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: कथम् (अव्यय)
• Form: प्रश्नार्थक-अव्यय (interrogative adverb: how)

• अद्य: today/now
• अद्य: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Time)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अद्य (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (temporal adverb: today/now)

• कृतम्: done/made
• कृतम्: Kriya (क्रिया/predicative)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past passive participle), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; √कृ (to do)

• चित्ते: in (your) mind
• चित्ते: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: चित्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन

• गर्वः: pride
• गर्वः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• किम्: what?
• किम्: Karma (कर्म/Object/Interrogative complement)
• Type: Noun
• Root: किम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; प्रश्नवाचक सर्वनाम

• अभवत्: arose/became
• अभवत्: Kriya (क्रिया/Main verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (धातु)
• Form: लङ्-लकार (Imperfect/Past), परस्मैपद; प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; उपसर्गः अभि-

• तव: of you/your
• तव: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Possessor)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: उत्तमपुरुष-सर्वनाम, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन

Speaker

Vīrabhadra

Shaiva Theology

Tattva Level: pati

Shiva Form: Vīrabhadra

Characters & Entities

• Shiva
• Vīrabhadra

FAQs

What is the spiritual significance of this verse in the Shiva Purana?

The verse highlights the Shaiva emphasis on niyama (disciplined observance) and humility: pride (garva) and vow-breaking are shown as spiritually dangerous impulses that disturb right order (dharma), even when spoken within a dramatic, puranic confrontation.

How does this verse relate to the worship of the Linga or Saguna Shiva?

Saguna Shiva is approached as Mahādeva who upholds dharma; this verse frames Shiva’s presence in story as a moral and spiritual axis—devotion to the Linga is not mere ritual, but reverence for the Lord who embodies truthfulness and disciplined conduct.

What ritualistic or meditative practice is suggested here?

A practical takeaway is vow-discipline: keep a vrata with sincerity, recite the Panchakshara (“Om Namaḥ Śivāya”) daily, and cultivate humility as an inner offering—so that worship is supported by ethical steadiness.