Shiva Purana — Rudra Samhita, Shloka 59

दक्षयज्ञे सत्या अपमानबोधः — Satī Encounters Disrespect at Dakṣa’s Sacrifice

Devanagari script

तज्जन्म धिग्यो महतां सर्वथावद्यकृत्खलः । परित्याज्यो विशेषेण तत्संबंधो विपश्चिता

Transliteration

tajjanma dhigyo mahatāṃ sarvathāvadyakṛtkhalaḥ | parityājyo viśeṣeṇa tatsaṃbaṃdho vipaścitā

Translation

Đáng nguyền rủa thay một sự sinh ra như thế; kẻ ác luôn làm điều đáng chê trách khiến cả bậc vĩ đại cũng mang nhục. Vì vậy, người trí nên đặc biệt từ bỏ mọi giao du và quan hệ với hắn.

Word by Word

• तत्-जन्म: that birth/origin
• तत्-जन्म: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तत् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) + जन्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napumsaka, Nominative/Accusative (1/2-प्रथमा/द्वितीया), Singular

• धिक्: fie! shame!
• धिक्: Sambodhana/Exclamation (सम्बोधन/उद्गार)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: धिक् (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; interjection of censure (निन्दार्थक-निपात)

• यः: who
• यः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1-प्रथमा), Singular; relative pronoun

• महताम्: of the great (people)
• महताम्: Shashthi-sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: महत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive (6-षष्ठी), Plural (बहुवचन)

• सर्वथा: entirely
• सर्वथा: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सर्वथा (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Avyaya; adverb (क्रियाविशेषण)

• अवद्य-कृत्-खलः: a wicked doer of vile deeds
• अवद्य-कृत्-खलः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अवद्य (प्रातिपदिक) + कृत् (कृदन्त, √कृ) + खल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1-प्रथमा), Singular; compound noun meaning 'villain who does blameworthy acts'

• परित्याज्यः: to be abandoned
• परित्याज्यः: Pradhana (प्रधान/विधेय)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परि-√त्यज् (धातु) → परित्याज्य (कृदन्त, भाव्य/gerundive)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1-प्रथमा), Singular; gerundive (तव्यत्/यत्-अर्थ) ‘to be abandoned’

• विशेषेण: especially
• विशेषेण: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विशेष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental (3-तृतीया), Singular; used adverbially

• तत्-सम्बन्धः: connection with him/that
• तत्-सम्बन्धः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तत् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) + सम्बन्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1-प्रथमा), Singular

• विपश्चिता: by the wise person
• विपश्चिता: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विपश्चित् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental (3-तृतीया), Singular; agent ‘by the wise’

Speaker

Suta Goswami (narrating the Satī narrative to the sages at Naimiṣāraṇya)

Shaiva Theology

Tattva Level: pasha

FAQs

What is the spiritual significance of this verse in the Shiva Purana?

It teaches that adharma is contagious: association with a persistently sinful person drags even the noble into dishonor, so the discerning protect their spiritual life through purity of company (satsaṅga).

How does this verse relate to the worship of the Linga or Saguna Shiva?

Linga-worship requires inner and outer śauca (purity). Avoiding corrupt association safeguards devotion (bhakti) and right conduct, which are essential supports for approaching Saguna Shiva with reverence.

What ritualistic or meditative practice is suggested here?

Seek satsaṅga, maintain daily japa of the Pañcākṣarī ("Om Namaḥ Śivāya"), and keep disciplines like bhasma/tripuṇḍra and rudrākṣa with a vow to avoid pāpa-saṅga (sinful company).