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Sama Veda — Pūrvārcika, Mantra 8

Agni as the bountiful, ṛta-sustaining fire who makes the sacrifice auspicious and protects the rite

Rishi: Unspecified in input
Devata: Agni
Chandas: Unspecified in input
Devanagari Script

यद्वा उ विश्पतिः शितः सुप्रीतो मनुषो विशे विश्वेदग्निः प्रति रक्षांसि सेधति

Samhita Patha

yadvā u viśpatiḥ śitaḥ suprīto manuṣo viśe viśvedagniḥ prati rakṣāṃsi sedhati

Transliteration

yad2 vā2 u1 viśpatiḥ2 śitaḥ3 suprīto3 manuṣo2 viśe2 | viśved2 agniḥ2 prati2 rakṣāṃsi2 sedhati3

Translation

Khi Chúa của chốn cư ngụ—bừng cháy sắc bén, hoan hỷ viên mãn—an trú vì đoàn dân loài người, thì Agni (Agní) xua đuổi trọn vẹn các Rākṣasa.

Pada Patha (Word Analysis)

yat | vā | u | viśpatiḥ | śitaḥ | su-prītaḥ | manuṣaḥ | viśe | viśva-it | agniḥ | prati | rakṣāṃsi | sedhati

Word by Word
यद्वैwhen/that indeed
यद्वै:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयद् + वै
उand/indeed (emphasis)
उ:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउ
विश्पतिःthe lord of the clan/settlement
विश्पतिः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootविश्-पति (प्रातिपदिक: विश्पति)
शितःsharp, keen
शितः:
Kartā (विशेषणरूपेण)
TypeAdjective
Rootशित (प्रातिपदिक: शित)
सुप्रीतःwell-pleased
सुप्रीतः:
Kartā (विशेषणरूपेण)
TypeAdjective
Rootसु- + प्रीत (प्रातिपदिक: सुप्रीत)
मनुषःof Manu / of man
मनुषः:
सम्बन्ध (genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootमनु (प्रातिपदिक: मनुष)
विशेfor the people/clan
विशे:
Sampradāna
TypeNoun
Rootविश् (प्रातिपदिक: विश्)
विश्वेदग्निःAgni who is ‘all-gods’ / Agni belonging to all
विश्वेदग्निः:
Kartā (विश्पतिः/अग्निः के रूपेण)
TypeNoun
Rootविश्वे + अग्नि (समास: कर्मधारय/बहुव्रीहि-प्रायः; प्रातिपदिक: विश्वेदग्नि)
प्रतिagainst, towards
प्रति:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्रति
रक्षांसिdemons/evil spirits (rakṣasas)
रक्षांसि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरक्षस् (प्रातिपदिक: रक्षस्)
सेधतिdrives away, wards off
सेधति:
—
TypeVerb
Root√सेध् (सेध्)
Sāman Melody Name

Agneya-sāman (generic; specific tune not stated in input)

Vocal Structure

{ "prastava": "Prelude establishing ‘yad vā u…’ conditional frame", "udgitha": "‘viśpatiḥ śitaḥ suprīto…’ as main depiction of Agni installed", "pratihara": "Response confirming ‘manuṣo viśe’ (for the people)", "upadrava": "‘viśved agniḥ prati rakṣāṃsi…’ as warding action", "nidhana": "Closing on ‘sedhati’ with brief collective seal", "structure_notes": "Narrative-to-result structure maps cleanly onto udgītha→upadrava progression: depiction first, warding act second.", "singer_assignments": "Prastotṛ (prastāva), Udgātṛ (udgītha/upadrava), Pratihartṛ (pratihāra), all (nidhana)." }

Sāyaṇa Commentary

{ "gloss_summary": "‘viśpati’ is Agni as domestic/ritual guardian; ‘śita’ is sharpened blaze produced by proper kindling and oblation; being ‘suprīta’, Agni repels (sedhati) rakṣas—standard sacrificial obstruction.", "ritual_interpretation": "Properly tended fire secures the rite and community, driving away harmful forces that would spoil offerings and chants.", "theological_insight": "Protection is a natural function of satisfied sacred fire: when the divine is properly honored, disorder cannot remain.", "etymology_highlights": "sedhati from √sidh/√sedh ‘to ward off’; viśpati as ‘lord of the clan/settlement’." }

Ritual Application
Academic Analysis
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