Sama Veda — Pūrvārcika, Mantra 4
Agni kindled with radiant flames as the guardian of ṛta (right-ordered sacrifice) and giver of strengthening wealth
त्वे अग्ने स्वाहुत प्रियासः सन्तु सूरयः यन्तारो ये मघवानो जनानामूर्वं दयन्त गोनाम्
tve agne svāhuta priyāsaḥ santu sūrayaḥ | yantāro ye maghavāno janānām ūrvaṃ dayanta gonām ||
tve1 agne2 svāhuta1 priyāsaḥ2 santu1 sūrayaḥ2 | yantāro1 ye2 maghavāno1 janānām2 ūrvaṃ1 dayanta2 gonām1 ||
Trong Ngài, hỡi Agni, đấng được thỉnh mời đúng nghi (svāhuta), xin cho các bậc hiền trí được đẹp lòng và được chấp nhận. Những vị hào phóng, là người dẫn dắt nghi lễ, là ân chủ của muôn dân—xin ban sự sung túc rộng lớn của đàn bò.
tve | agne | su-āhuta | priyāsaḥ | santu | sūrayaḥ | yantāraḥ | ye | maghavānaḥ | janānām | ūrvaṃ | dayanta | gonām |
{ "prastava": "(stobha-based prelude; often ‘o’/‘hā’ in gāna forms—exact pada mapping requires the specific gāna)", "udgitha": "Core text segment beginning with the main lexical opening (tve agne …) elongated per sāman rules.", "pratihara": "Responsive reprise on the cadential portion (… sūrayaḥ / … gonām) depending on gāna.", "upadrava": "After-song reiteration emphasizing the boon (ūrvaṃ … gonām).", "nidhana": "Closing stobha/terminal phrase (often ‘hā’/‘i’/‘ho’ patterns in Kauthuma gāna), specific to the sāman form.", "structure_notes": "Without the explicit Kauthuma gāna notation, only the standard fivefold architecture can be indicated; actual segmentation follows the chosen sāman’s prastāva-udgītha mapping.", "singer_assignments": "Prastotṛ: prastāva; Udgātṛ: udgītha+upadrava; Pratihartṛ: pratihāra; all/chorus: nidhana." }
{ "gloss_summary": "svāhuta = well-invoked/fitly offered with svāhā; sūrayaḥ = competent ṛtvij-s; priyāsaḥ = acceptable/pleasing to Agni; the maghavānaḥ-yantāraḥ are generous patrons/directors who grant abundance of cows.", "ritual_interpretation": "Emphasizes correct offering and priestly competence as conditions for yajña-siddhi and prosperity.", "theological_insight": "Agni’s acceptability function: he is the criterion and conduit—when pleased, the rite becomes protected and fruitful.", "etymology_highlights": "svāhuta analyzed via svāhā + āhuta (offered); yantāraḥ from √yam (to restrain/guide), indicating ritual governance." }