Rig Veda 3.8.5: Mandala 3, Sukta 8, Mantra 5

Sukta 3.8

Rishi: Vasiṣṭha (traditional for RV 3.8)

Devata: Vanaspati and the divine powers aiding the rite; inner sense: the growing divine formation in the ritual-psychic field

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; requires full hymn metrical verification)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

जातो जायते सुदिनत्वे अह्नां समर्य आ विदथे वर्धमानः । पुनन्ति धीरा अपसो मनीषा देवया विप्र उदियर्ति वाचम् ॥

Transliteration

jā́to jā́yate sudinatvé ahnā́ṃ samaryá ā́ vidáthe várdhamānaḥ | punánti dhīrā́ apáso manīṣā́ devayā́ vípra úd iyarti vā́cam ||

Translation

Đấng đã sinh ra lại sinh lần nữa trong “ngày lành” của các ngày, lớn lên trong nhịp vận động chung, trong hội tụ (vidatha). Những bậc kiên định thanh lọc các công việc (apasaḥ) bằng trí tuệ linh hứng (manīṣā); vị hiền triết hướng về thần linh (vipra) nâng cao Lời (vāc).

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Word by Word

• जातः: born; having been born
• जातः: Kartā (with implied subject)
• Type: Adjective (past passive participle used predicatively)
• Root: √जन् (jan) / जात (ppp-stem)

• जायते: is born; comes into being
• जायते: (intransitive) Kartā = the one who is born/comes to be
• Type: Verb
• Root: √जन् (jan)

• सुदिनत्वे: in good-day-ness; in auspicious days/fortunate time
• सुदिनत्वे: Adhikaraṇa (locative: sphere/condition)
• Type: Noun (abstract)
• Root: सुदिनत्व (सु-दिन-त्व) (prātipadika)

• अह्नाम्: of days
• अह्नाम्: Sambandha (genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अहन् (prātipadika)

• समर्यः: the striving one; the combatant/contender
• समर्यः: Kartā
• Type: Noun/Adjective (agentive epithet)
• Root: समर्य (prātipadika)

• आ: towards; unto
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb)
• Root: आ (upasarga)

• विदथे: at the rite/assembly; in the ceremonial distribution
• विदथे: Adhikaraṇa (locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विदथ (prātipadika)

• वर्धमानः: growing; increasing
• वर्धमानः: Kartā (agreeing with समर्यः)
• Type: Adjective/Participle
• Root: √वृध् (vṛdh) / वर्धमान (present participle Ā)

• पुनन्ति: they purify
• पुनन्ति: Kartā = subject (धीराḥ)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √पू (pū) ‘to purify’

• धीराḥ: the inspired/wise ones
• धीराḥ: Kartā
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: धीर (prātipadika)

• अपसः: works; ritual acts
• अपसः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अपस् (prātipadika)

• मनीषा: by insight/thought
• मनीषा: Karaṇa (instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनीषा (prātipadika)

• देवया: in a godly way; with divine (impulse)
• देवया: Karaṇa (manner/instrument)
• Type: Adjective (used adverbially/instrumentally)
• Root: देवया (prātipadika; ‘godward, divine’)

• विप्रः: the inspired poet/seer
• विप्रः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: विप्र (prātipadika)

• उदियर्ति: raises; sends forth
• उदियर्ति: Kartā = विप्रः; Karma = वाचम्
• Type: Verb
• Root: उद् + √ईर्/√इर् (īr/ir) ‘to raise, set in motion’

• वाचम्: speech; utterance
• वाचम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वाच् (prātipadika)