Shloka 61

युद्धे अङ्गद-मैन्द-द्विविद-राक्षसयुद्धम्; कुम्भस्य प्रादुर्भावः तथा सुग्रीवेण पराभवः

Sarga 76: Angada and the Vanara chiefs battle Kampana, Prajaṅgha, Yūpākṣa, Śoṇitākṣa; Kumbha enters and is checked by Sugrīva

Devanagari script

समीक्ष्यापततस्तांस्तुवानरेन्द्रान् महाबलान् ।।।।आववारशरौघेणनगेनेवजलाशयम् ।

Transliteration

samīkṣyāpatatas tāṃs tu vānarendrān mahābalān | āvavāra śaraughena nageneva jalāśayam ||

Translation

Thấy các thủ lĩnh Vānara đại lực đang xông tới, Kumbha liền chặn họ bằng một trận mưa tên dày đặc—như núi cao ngăn dòng lũ cuồn cuộn.

Word by Word

• समीक्ष्य: having seen/observed
• समीक्ष्य: Kriya-vishesana (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverbial)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम् + ईक्ष् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (Absolutive/Gerund); उपसर्ग: सम्-; अव्यय (having observed)

• आपततः: advancing/charging
• आपततः: Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier of object)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ + पत् (धातु)
• Form: शतृ-प्रत्यय (Present active participle); पुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन (qualifying तान्: those who were advancing)

• तान्: those
• तान्: Karma (कर्म/Object of आववार)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; पुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन

• तु: indeed
• तु: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निपात (indeed/but)

• वानरेन्द्रान्: vanara chiefs
• वानरेन्द्रान्: Karma (कर्म/Object; apposition to तान्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वानर + इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (वानराणाम् इन्द्राः); पुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन

• महाबलान्: very mighty
• महाबलान्: Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier of object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महा + बल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय (great + strong); पुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन (qualifying वानरेन्द्रान्)

• आववार: checked/held back
• आववार: Kriya (क्रिया/Main verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ + वृ (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपद; प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; उपसर्ग: आ-; अर्थ: अवरोधन/वारण (checked/covered)

• शरौघेण: with a volley of arrows
• शरौघेण: Karana (करण/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शर + ओघ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष (शराणाम् ओघः); पुल्लिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन

• नगैः: by mountains
• नगैः: Upamana (उपमान/Standard of comparison)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन

• इव: like
• इव: Upama (उपमा/Comparison marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; उपमा-सूचक (comparative particle: like/as)

• जलाशयम्: a reservoir/body of water
• जलाशयम्: Upameya (उपमेय/Compared entity)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जल + आशय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष (जलस्य आशयः); पुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

Context

Perceiving that great army of Vanara leaders are advancing, Kumbha obstructed them with a volley of arrows just like a mountain obstructing the path of torrent.

Characters & Entities

• Kumbha (Kumbhakarṇa’s son)
• Vānara chiefs (vānarendrāḥ)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

In war, discipline and tactical response are part of yuddha-dharma; the verse illustrates how force is met with organized defense, shaping the battlefield’s moral and strategic reality.

What is the narrative situation?

Kumbha notices the Vānara leaders’ charge and halts their momentum by showering arrows.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Kṣātra-prayoga (martial skill and tactical execution) on the battlefield.