Shloka 10

त्रिशिरा-प्रबोधनम् तथा नरान्तक-वधः

Trisira’s Counsel and the Slaying of Naranthaka

Devanagari script

ततोऽहमहमित्येवगर्जन्तोनैरृतर्षभाः ।रावणस्यसुतावीराश्शक्रतुल्यपराक्रमाः ।।।।

Transliteration

tato 'ham aham ity eva garjanto nairṛtarṣabhāḥ | rāvaṇasya sutā vīrāḥ śakratulya-parākramāḥ || 6.69.10 ||

Translation

Bấy giờ các dũng tử của Rāvaṇa—những tráng sĩ bậc nhất trong loài Nairṛta, oai lực sánh Indra—gầm vang, ai nấy đều hô: “Ta! Ta!” (xin nhận lãnh tiên phong).

Word by Word

• tataḥ: then
• tataḥ: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tataḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; काल/अनन्तरवाचक (then/thereupon)

• aham: I
• aham: Vacana (उद्घोष)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; उद्धरणे (quoted cry)

• aham: I
• aham: Vacana (उद्घोष)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; पुनरुक्ति emphatic

• iti: thus
• iti: Uddharaṇa-sūcaka (उद्धरणसूचक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iti (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; इत्यादि-उद्धरणसूचक (quotative particle)

• eva: indeed, just
• eva: Avadhāraṇa (अवधारण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अवधारणार्थक-निपात (emphatic particle)

• garjantaḥ: roaring
• garjantaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: garj (धातु) + śatṛ (शतृ)
• Form: कृदन्त (Present active participle, शतृ); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• nairṛtarṣabhāḥ: bulls among the rākṣasas
• nairṛtarṣabhāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nairṛta (प्रातिपदिक) + ṛṣabha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (षष्ठी: नैरृतानाम् ऋषभाः); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• rāvaṇasya: of Rāvaṇa
• rāvaṇasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāvaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• sutāḥ: sons
• sutāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: suta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• vīrāḥ: heroes
• vīrāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vīra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; apposition to sutāḥ

• śakratulya-parākramāḥ: having valor equal to Indra
• śakratulya-parākramāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śakra (प्रातिपदिक) + tulya (प्रातिपदिक) + parākrama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: बहुव्रीहि-समास (whose valor is equal to Śakra); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; विशेषण

Context

Then Ravana's sons, the heroes, and bulls among ogres, equal to Indra in valour, roared saying, "I will start", "I will lead."

Characters & Entities

• Rāvaṇa
• Śakra (Indra)
• Rāvaṇa’s sons

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse highlights ambition and competitive zeal; dharma requires that leadership desire be tempered by responsibility, humility, and alignment with righteous aims.

What is the narrative situation?

In response to the war crisis, Rāvaṇa’s sons clamor to take the initiative, proclaiming themselves ready to lead.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Courage and readiness for battle—though the repeated “I” also implies pride, a trait the epic often contrasts with dharmic restraint.