Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 60, Shloka 13

कुम्भकर्णविबोधनम्

The Awakening of Kumbhakarna

Devanagari script

सचाप्रतिमगाम्भीर्योदेवदानवदर्पहा ।।।।ब्रह्मशापाभिभूतस्तुकुम्भकर्णोविबोध्यताम् ।

Transliteration

sa cāpratimagāmbhīryo devadānavadarpahā |

brahmaśāpābhibhūtas tu kumbhakarṇo vibodhyatām ||6.60.13||

Translation

Và hãy đánh thức Kumbhakarṇa—người có chiều sâu vô song, có thể dập tắt kiêu mạn của chư thiên và dāṇava, nhưng đang bị khuất phục dưới lời nguyền của Phạm Thiên.

Word by Word

• saḥ: he
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/conjunction)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय

• apratima-gāmbhīryaḥ: of incomparable depth
• apratima-gāmbhīryaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/of kumbhakarṇaḥ)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: a-pratima + gāmbhīrya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन; बहुव्रीहि (yasya gāmbhīryaṃ apratimam)

• deva-dānava-darpa-hā: destroyer of the pride of devas and dānavas
• deva-dānava-darpa-hā: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/of kumbhakarṇaḥ)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: deva + dānava + darpa + han (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन; उपपद-तत्पुरुष (darpaṃ hanti iti)

• brahma-śāpa-abhibhūtaḥ: overpowered by Brahmā's curse
• brahma-śāpa-abhibhūtaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/of kumbhakarṇaḥ)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: brahman + śāpa + abhi-bhū (प्रातिपदिक/कृदन्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (brahmaṇaḥ śāpaḥ) + क्त (abhibhūta)

• tu: however
• tu: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: विरोध/विशेषार्थक-अव्यय (but/indeed)

• kumbhakarṇaḥ: Kumbhakarṇa
• kumbhakarṇaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kumbhakarṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन; नाम

• vibodhyatām: let (him) be awakened
• vibodhyatām: Kriyā (क्रिया/command)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vi-budh (धातु)
• Form: लोट् (imperative), कर्मणि-प्रयोग (passive), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; ‘let him be awakened’

Context

"Let Kumbhakarna of unparalleled profundity, capable of crushing Devas and Danavas, who is in slumber owing to the curse of Brahma be awakened."

Characters & Entities

• Ravana
• Kumbhakarna
• Brahma
• Devas
• Danavas

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Satya and moral order appear through the binding force of a curse: even the mighty are constrained by higher law, reminding that power is not absolute.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāvaṇa, seeking a decisive advantage, orders the awakening of his formidable brother Kumbhakarṇa from curse-induced sleep.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Strategic reliance on strength is emphasized (though ethically ambiguous in Ravana’s cause); the verse also implicitly elevates the supremacy of cosmic law over brute force.