Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 60, Shloka 12

कुम्भकर्णविबोधनम्

The Awakening of Kumbhakarna

Devanagari script

एतदेवाभ्युपागम्ययत्नंकर्तुमहार्हथ ।।।।राक्षसाश्चापितिष्ठन्तुचर्यागोपुरमूर्थसु ।

Transliteration

etad evābhyupāgamya yatnaṃ kartumahārhatha |

rākṣasāś cāpi tiṣṭhantu caryā gopuramūrdhasu ||6.60.12||

Translation

Biết rõ tình thế này, các ngươi phải gắng sức làm điều cần làm; và hãy để bọn rākṣasa cũng đứng vào vị trí, canh giữ trên các tháp cổng thành.

Word by Word

• etat: this
• etat: Karma (कर्म/object of abhyupāgamya)
• Type: Noun
• Root: etad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन

• eva: indeed
• eva: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारणार्थक-अव्यय (only/indeed)

• abhyupāgamya: having approached; having understood
• abhyupāgamya: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण/gerundial modifier)
• Type: Verb
• Root: abhi-upa-ā-gam (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), अव्ययभावः; ‘having approached/considered’

• yatnam: effort
• yatnam: Karma (कर्म/object of kartum)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yatna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन

• kartum: to make/do
• kartum: Prayojana (प्रयोजन/purpose)
• Type: Verb
• Root: kṛ (धातु)
• Form: तुमुन्-प्रत्ययान्त (infinitive), अव्यय; ‘to do’

• arhatha: you ought
• arhatha: Kriyā (क्रिया/main verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: arh (धातु)
• Form: लट् (present), परस्मैपद, मध्यमपुरुष, बहुवचन

• rākṣasāḥ: rākṣasas
• rākṣasāḥ: Karta (कर्ता/subject of tiṣṭhantu)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rākṣasa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा बहुवचन

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/conjunction)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय

• api: also
• api: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: अपि-कारक (also/even)

• tiṣṭhantu: let them stand; let them be stationed
• tiṣṭhantu: Kriyā (क्रिया/command)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sthā (धातु)
• Form: लोट् (imperative), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन

• caryā-gopura-mūrdhasu: on the tops of the watch-towers/gates
• caryā-gopura-mūrdhasu: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: caryā + gopura + mūrdhan (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष (gopurasya mūrdhan; with caryā as qualifier)

Context

"Knowing all this, make effort doing what ought to be done and let the Rakshasas strive to succeed positioned on top of the gates."

Characters & Entities

• Lanka
• Rakshasas
• Gopura (gate-towers)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Even amid crisis, duty requires disciplined action: preparedness, vigilance, and organized responsibility are aspects of rajadharma (statecraft-duty).

What is the narrative situation?

After returning to Laṅkā, Rāvaṇa instructs his forces to intensify the city’s defenses and maintain watch at strategic points.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Vigilance and disciplined effort (yatna, apramāda) in carrying out assigned responsibilities.