Shloka 21

युद्धलक्षण-निमित्तदर्शनं तथा लङ्काद्वारव्यूहः

War Omens and the Encirclement of Lanka’s Gates

Devanagari script

क्षिप्रमद्यदुराधर्षांलङ्कांरावणपालिताम् ।अभियामजवेनैवसर्वतोहरिभिर्वृताः ।।6.41.21।।

Transliteration

kṣipram adya durādharṣāṁ laṅkāṁ rāvaṇa-pālitām | abhiyāma javenaiva sarvato haribhir vṛtāḥ ||

Translation

Hôm nay, mau chóng—được các đạo quân Vānara vây quanh bốn phía—chúng ta hãy tiến gấp, xông thẳng vào Laṅkā khó công phá, nơi Rāvaṇa đang cai trị.

Word by Word

• kṣipram: quickly; immediately
• kṣipram: Kāla/Prakāra (काल/प्रकार)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: kṣipram (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya, adverb (क्रियाविशेषण)

• adya: today; now
• adya: Kāla (काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: adya (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya, time-adverb (कालवाचक क्रियाविशेषण)

• durādharṣām: hard to attack
• durādharṣām: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: durā-dharṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Dvitīyā vibhakti (Accusative/द्वितीया), Ekavacana (Singular/एकवचन); viśeṣaṇa of 'laṅkām'; samāsa: durā + dharṣa (difficult to assail)

• laṅkām: Lanka
• laṅkām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: laṅkā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana

• rāvaṇapālitām: ruled/protected by Ravana
• rāvaṇapālitām: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: rāvaṇa+pālita (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; past passive participle (kṛdanta: kta/क्त) from √pāl (पाल्) with upapada 'rāvaṇa'; viśeṣaṇa of 'laṅkām'

• abhiyāma: let us march/advance
• abhiyāma: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: abhi+yā (धातु)
• Form: Loṭ lakāra (Imperative/लोट्), Uttama puruṣa (1st person/उत्तमपुरुष), Bahuvacana, parasmaipada

• javena: with speed
• javena: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: java (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Tṛtīyā vibhakti (Instrumental/तृतीया), Ekavacana

• eva: indeed; just
• eva: Avadhāraṇa (अवधारण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya, emphatic particle (निपात)

• sarvataḥ: from all sides; everywhere
• sarvataḥ: Deśa (देश)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sarvatas (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya, adverb (directional: दिक्/देशवाचक)

• haribhiḥ: by/with the Vanaras
• haribhiḥ: Sahakārī/Saha (सहकारी/सह)
• Type: Noun
• Root: hari (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Tṛtīyā, Bahuvacana

• vṛtāḥ: surrounded; accompanied
• vṛtāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vṛ (धातु)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana; past passive participle (kta/क्त) from √vṛ (वृ) 'to cover/surround'; predicate adjective to implied subject 'vayam' (we)

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Lakṣmaṇa
• Laṅkā
• Rāvaṇa

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma as decisive action: once duty is clear, delay is avoided and effort is organized for a just objective.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāma orders the immediate advance toward Laṅkā, initiating the march into battle.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Resolve and command—Rāma’s ability to mobilize allies toward a righteous end.