Shloka 3

समुद्रतट-प्रयाणम् तथा वेलावन-निवेशः

March to the Seacoast and Encampment at the Shore

Devanagari script

अस्मिन् मुहूर्ते सुग्रीव प्रयाणमभिरोचये ।युक्तो मुहूर्तो विजयः प्राप्तो मध्यं दिवाकर ।।।।

Transliteration

asmin muhūrte sugrīva prayāṇam abhirocaye |

yukto muhūrto vijayaḥ prāpto madhyaṃ divākaraḥ ||

Translation

Sugrīva, ngay trong khoảnh khắc này ta chọn lên đường. Giờ lành đã hội đủ cho chiến thắng, vì mặt trời đã lên đến chính giữa bầu trời.

Word by Word

• अस्मिन्: in this
• अस्मिन्: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम (pronoun), नपुंसकलिङ्ग (neuter), सप्तमी विभक्ति (Locative/7th), एकवचन (singular)

• मुहूर्ते: at the moment / at the auspicious time
• मुहूर्ते: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: muhūrta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (masculine), सप्तमी विभक्ति (Locative/7th), एकवचन (singular)

• सुग्रीव: O Sugriva
• सुग्रीव: सम्बोधन (Address/सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sugrīva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (masculine), सम्बोधन विभक्ति (Vocative), एकवचन (singular)

• प्रयाणम्: departure / march
• प्रयाणम्: कर्म (Karman/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: prayāṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (neuter), द्वितीया विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (singular)

• अभिरोचये: I approve / I desire
• अभिरोचये: क्रिया (Action/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: abhi-√ruc (धातु) (रुच्)
• Form: लट् लकार (Present), उत्तमपुरुष (1st person), एकवचन (singular), परस्मैपद (Parasmaipada)

• युक्तः: proper / fitting
• युक्तः: विशेषण (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √yuj (धातु) + kta (क्त) = yukta (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग (masculine), प्रथमा विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (singular); विशेषण (adjective) to मुहूर्तः

• मुहूर्तः: the time / moment
• मुहूर्तः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: muhūrta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (masculine), प्रथमा विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (singular)

• विजयः: victory
• विजयः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vijaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (masculine), प्रथमा विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (singular); (apposition to मुहूर्तः: ‘a victorious time’)

• प्राप्तः: has arrived / has been reached
• प्राप्तः: विशेषण (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √āp (धातु) + pra + kta (क्त) = prāpta (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग (masculine), प्रथमा विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (singular); predicate adjective to मुहूर्तः/विजयः

• मध्यम्: the middle / mid-point
• मध्यम्: कर्म (Karman/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: madhya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (neuter), द्वितीया विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (singular); (elliptical: ‘the mid-point’)

• दिवाकर: O Sun
• दिवाकर: सम्बोधन (Address/सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: divākara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (masculine), सम्बोधन विभक्ति (Vocative), एकवचन (singular)

Context

The monkeys went eating sweet smelling honey and fruits and carrying branches of huge trees having bunches of blossoms.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Sugrīva
• Divākara (Sun)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma includes acting with discernment and responsibility: a leader chooses the proper time (kāla) for action so that effort is not wasted and the mission is pursued wisely.

What is the narrative situation?

On the campaign toward Laṅkā, Rāma signals to Sugrīva that the moment is favorable and commands the departure of the allied forces.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Prudence and strategic leadership—Rāma aligns action with timing and readiness.