Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 128, Shloka 43

अयोध्याप्रत्यागमन-सन्देशः

Hanuman Sent Ahead to Ayodhya

Devanagari script

देवोवामानुषोवात्वमनुक्रोशादिहागतः ।।।।प्रियाख्यानस्यतेसौम्यददामिब्रुवतःप्रियम् ।गवांशतसहस्रं च ग्रामाणां च शतंपरम् ।।।।सकुण्डलाश्शुभाचाराभार्याःकन्यास्तुषोडश ।हेमवर्णास्सुनासोरूश्शशिसौम्याननाःस्त्रियः ।।।।सर्वाभरणसम्पन्नास्सम्पन्नाःकुलजातिभिः ।

Transliteration

devo vā mānuṣo vā tvam anukrośād ihāgataḥ |

priyākhyānasya te saumya dadāmi bruvataḥ priyam ||

gavāṃ śatasahasraṃ ca grāmāṇāṃ ca śataṃ param |

sakuṇḍalāḥ śubhācārā bhāryāḥ kanyās tu ṣoḍaśa ||

hemavarṇāḥ sunāsorūḥ śaśisaumyānanāḥ striyaḥ |

sarvābharaṇasampannāḥ sampannāḥ kulajātibhiḥ ||

Translation

Ngươi là thần hay là người, vì lòng thương xót mà đến đây? Này bậc hiền hòa, bởi ngươi đã nói tin mừng đáng yêu ấy, ta sẽ ban thưởng điều ngươi ưa: một trăm ngàn con bò, hơn một trăm làng tốt đẹp; và mười sáu thiếu nữ nết na làm vợ, đeo hoa tai, hạnh kiểm thanh tịnh—da sắc vàng rực, thân hình thon đẹp, dung nhan dịu như trăng—đủ mọi trang sức, xuất thân từ dòng tộc cao quý.

Word by Word

• devaḥ: a god
• devaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject) [option in disjunction]
• Type: Noun
• Root: deva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)

• vā: or
• vā: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vā (अव्यय)
• Form: विकल्पार्थक-अव्यय (disjunctive particle: "or")

• mānuṣaḥ: a human
• mānuṣaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject) [option in disjunction]
• Type: Noun
• Root: mānuṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)

• vā: or
• vā: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vā (अव्यय)
• Form: विकल्पार्थक-अव्यय (disjunctive particle: "or")

• tvam: you
• tvam: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yusmad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: उत्तम-पुरुषार्थे (2nd person pronoun), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)

• anukrośāt: out of compassion
• anukrośāt: Hetu (हेतु/Cause)
• Type: Noun
• Root: anukrośa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), पञ्चमी-विभक्ति (Ablative/5th), एकवचन (Singular); हेतौ पञ्चमी (ablative of cause: "out of")

• iha: here
• iha: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Location)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iha (अव्यय)
• Form: देशवाचक-अव्यय (adverb of place)

• āgataḥ: has come
• āgataḥ: Kriya (क्रिया/Predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ā√gam (धातु) + kta (क्त)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (past participle), पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular); कर्तरि प्रयोगे (used predicatively: "has come")

• priyākhyānasya: of the pleasant tidings
• priyākhyānasya: Prayojana (प्रयोजन/Purpose)
• Type: Noun
• Root: priya + ākhyāna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: समासः कर्मधारय (Karmadhāraya: "pleasant" + "tidings"), नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/6th), एकवचन (Singular)

• te: to you
• te: Sampradana (सम्प्रदान/Recipient)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yusmad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्वितीया/चतुर्थी-एकवचन रूप (Accusative/Dative singular form); अत्र चतुर्थी (Dative/4th: "to you")

• saumya: O gentle one
• saumya: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Vocative address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: saumya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), सम्बोधन-प्रथमा (Vocative), एकवचन (Singular)

• dadāmi: I give / I bestow
• dadāmi: Kriya (क्रिया/Main verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √dā (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), उत्तम-पुरुष (1st person), एकवचन (Singular), परस्मैपद (Parasmaipada)

• bruvataḥ: of (you) speaking
• bruvataḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive relation)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √brū (धातु) + śatṛ (शतृ)
• Form: शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त वर्तमान कृदन्त (present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine/Neuter), षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/6th), एकवचन (Singular); "of (you) speaking"

• priyam: a pleasing reward
• priyam: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: priya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)

Context

"O Gentle Hanuman! You have come here with great compassion. Are you God or a human being? For the sweet tidings brought by you to me, I will bestow a hundred thousand cows, hundred best villages, sixteen virgin women of good conduct as wives with earrings, with shapely noses, full moon like face, golden complexioned, decked with ornaments and rich women."

Characters & Entities

• Bharata
• Hanumān
• Kaikeyī (implied by Bharata’s identity)
• cows
• villages

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma of honoring truthful service: Bharata seeks to reward the messenger who delivered satya that restores righteousness and peace.

What is the narrative situation?

After hearing the victory news, Bharata offers lavish gifts to Hanumān as recompense for the auspicious message.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Bharata’s generosity and gratitude (dāna, kṛtajñatā), expressing reverence for dharmic service and compassionate agency.