Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 128, Shloka 1

अयोध्याप्रत्यागमन-सन्देशः

Hanuman Sent Ahead to Ayodhya

Devanagari script

अयोध्यांतुसमालोक्यचिन्तयामासराघवः ।प्रियकामःप्रियंरामस्ततस्त्वरितविक्रमः ।।।।

Transliteration

ayodhyāṃ tu samālokya cintayāmāsa rāghavaḥ | priyakāmaḥ priyaṃ rāmas tatas tvaritavikramaḥ ||

Translation

Ngắm nhìn Ayodhyā, Rāghava—Rāma, người quyết đoán mau lẹ, lòng hướng về điều thân yêu—bèn khởi niệm suy tư (từ cỗ xe bay).

Word by Word

• अयोध्याम्: Ayodhya
• अयोध्याम्: कर्म (object) — समालोक्य (having seen) का विषय
• Type: Noun
• Root: अयोध्या (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (feminine), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (accusative case), एकवचन (singular)

• तु: indeed / but
• तु: सम्बन्ध/वाक्य-सम्बन्धक (discourse particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निपात/समुच्चय-भेदक (particle; adversative/emphatic 'but/indeed')

• समालोक्य: having seen / after seeing
• समालोक्य: क्रियाविशेषण (adverbial modifier) — 'देखकर'
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सम् + आ + लोक् (धातु) → समालोक्य (क्त्वान्त अव्ययभाव/ल्यप्)
• Form: क्त्वान्त/ल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), अव्यय (indeclinable); पूर्वकालिक क्रिया (prior action)

• चिन्तयामास: began to think / thought
• चिन्तयामास: क्रिया (main action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: चिन्त् (धातु) + णिच् (causative) → चिन्तयति; आमास (परस्मैपद-परिप्रयोग)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (perfect; periphrastic), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (singular), परस्मैपद (parasmaipada)

• राघवः: Rāghava (Rama)
• राघवः: कर्ता (agent) — चिन्तयामास का कर्ता
• Type: Noun
• Root: राघव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (nominative case), एकवचन (singular)

• प्रियकामः: desiring what is dear / wishing for the beloved
• प्रियकामः: कर्ता-विशेषण (qualifier of agent)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रिय + काम (प्रातिपदिक); प्रियकाम (समास)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (कर्मधारय-प्रायः: 'प्रियं कामयते' इति); पुंलिङ्ग (masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (nominative), एकवचन (singular); विशेषण (qualifier) रामस्य

• प्रियम्: what is dear / beloved thing
• प्रियम्: कर्म (object) — (अध्याहृत) कामयते/इच्छति का विषय
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रिय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (neuter), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (accusative), एकवचन (singular)

• रामः: Rāma
• रामः: कर्ता (agent) — (सम्बन्धः) राघवः = रामः
• Type: Noun
• Root: राम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (nominative), एकवचन (singular)

• ततः: thereupon / then
• ततः: क्रियाविशेषण (temporal modifier)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb) — काल/अनन्तर (thereupon/then)

• त्वरितविक्रमः: swift in prowess / quick in exhibiting valor
• त्वरितविक्रमः: कर्ता-विशेषण (qualifier of agent)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: त्वरित + विक्रम (प्रातिपदिक); त्वरितविक्रम (समास)
• Form: कर्मधारय-समास (त्वरितः विक्रमः यस्य सः); पुंलिङ्ग (masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (nominative), एकवचन (singular); विशेषण (qualifier) रामस्य

Context

There upon Raghava who was quick in exhibiting his prowess started thinking with his friends looking at Ayodhya (from Pushpaka).

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Ayodhyā

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma here is thoughtful restraint before action: even after victory, Rāma reflects carefully as he approaches rightful rule and reunion, showing that power must be guided by deliberation and duty.

What is the narrative situation?

After the war and preparations for return, Rāma beholds Ayodhyā (traditionally from the Puṣpaka) and begins to consider the next steps—especially how Bharata will receive him.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rāma’s composed leadership: swift capability (tvarita-vikrama) combined with reflective judgment (cintā).