Shloka 3

रावणस्य सभाप्रवेशः

Ravana Enters the Royal Assembly and Summons Counsel

Devanagari script

सहेमजालविततंमणिविद्रुमभूषितम् ।उपगम्यविनीताश्वमारुरोहमहारथम् ।।।।

Transliteration

sa hemajāla-vitataṁ maṇi-vidruma-bhūṣitam |

upagamya vinītāśvam ārurōha mahāratham ||

Translation

Rāvaṇa tiến đến và lên ngự cỗ đại chiến xa rực rỡ ấy—phủ lưới vàng giăng rộng, trang sức bằng châu ngọc và san hô, do những tuấn mã thuần luyện kéo đi.

Word by Word

• saḥ: he
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः (Nominative/1st), एकवचनम्; सर्वनाम

• hema-jāla-vitatam: spread with a golden lattice
• hema-jāla-vitatam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: hema (प्रातिपदिक) + jāla (प्रातिपदिक) + vitata (कृदन्त)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे, द्वितीया-विभक्तिः (Accusative/2nd), एकवचनम्; समासः—षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः/उपपद-तत्पुरुषः (hemasya jālam; tena vitatam)

• maṇi-vidruma-bhūṣitam: adorned with gems and corals
• maṇi-vidruma-bhūṣitam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: maṇi (प्रातिपदिक) + vidruma (प्रातिपदिक) + bhūṣita (कृदन्त)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे, द्वितीया-विभक्तिः (Accusative/2nd), एकवचनम्; समासः—द्वन्द्व-तत्पुरुषभावः (maṇibhiḥ ca vidrumaiḥ ca bhūṣitam)

• upagamya: having approached
• upagamya: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: upa+gam (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त-अव्ययकृदन्त (Gerund/Absolutive); ‘having approached’

• vinīta-aśvam: having trained horses
• vinīta-aśvam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vinīta (कृदन्त) + aśva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे, द्वितीया-विभक्तिः (Accusative/2nd), एकवचनम्; समासः—कर्मधारयः (vinītāḥ aśvāḥ yasya tat)

• āruroha: ascended
• āruroha: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ā+ruh (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकारः (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुषः (3rd person), एकवचनम्; परस्मैपदम्

• mahā-ratham: the great chariot
• mahā-ratham: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mahā (प्रातिपदिक) + ratha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, द्वितीया-विभक्तिः (Accusative/2nd), एकवचनम्; समासः—कर्मधारयः

Context

Of those (Rakshasas) some went on exquisite chariots, some on proud sturdy horses some ascended elephants and some by foot.

Characters & Entities

• Rāvaṇa
• mahāratha (great chariot)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse highlights the outward signs of royal power and readiness; ethically, it frames how authority prepares to act—implying that true dharma will be judged not by splendor but by the decisions that follow.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāvaṇa is setting out in state, mounting his ornate chariot as the events move toward a formal assembly and deliberation.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Decisiveness and command-readiness are implied; however, the verse mainly foregrounds royal magnificence rather than an explicit moral virtue.