Ramayana — Sundara Kanda, Sarga 51, Shloka 11

हनूमदुपदेशः रावणस्य च कोपः

Hanuman’s Counsel to Ravana and Ravana’s Wrath

Devanagari script

त्वया विज्ञातपूर्वश्च वाली वानरपुङ्गवः।रामेण निहतस्सङ्ख्ये शरेणैकेन वानरः।।।।

Transliteration

tvayā vijñātapūrvaś ca vālī vānarapuṅgavaḥ |

rāmeṇa nihataḥ saṅkhye śareṇaikena vānaraḥ ||

Translation

Vālin, bậc anh hùng tối thượng của loài Vānara mà ngươi đã biết từ trước, đã bị Rāma hạ sát giữa chiến địa chỉ bằng một mũi tên.

Word by Word

• tvayā: by you
• tvayā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yusmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: उत्तमपुरुष-प्रत्ययवर्जित सर्वनाम; तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental), एकवचन

• vijñātapūrvaḥ: previously known
• vijñātapūrvaḥ: Karta-viśeṣaṇa (कर्तृविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vi-√jñā + pūrva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कृदन्त-विशेषण; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त 'विज्ञात' + 'पूर्व' (पूर्वं विज्ञातः); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण (vālī)

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयबोधक-निपात

• vālī: Vali
• vālī: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vālin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• vānarapuṅgavaḥ: chief of monkeys
• vānarapuṅgavaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vānara-puṅgava (प्रातिपदिक: वानर + पुङ्गव)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (वानराणां पुङ्गवः)

• rāmeṇa: by Rama
• rāmeṇa: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• nihataḥ: was slain
• nihataḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ni-√han (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• saṅkhye: in combat
• saṅkhye: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: saṅkhya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative), एकवचन; 'सङ्ख्ये' = युद्धे

• śareṇa: with an arrow
• śareṇa: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/करण), एकवचन

• ekena: with a single
• ekena: Karaṇa-viśeṣaṇa (करणविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: eka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण (śareṇa)

• vānaraḥ: the monkey (warrior)
• vānaraḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vānara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; vālī इत्यस्य समानाधिकरण

Context

"You know of Vali, chief of the vanaras, in the past. Rama killed him with a single arrow in the combat.

Characters & Entities

• Hanumān
• Rāvaṇa
• Rāma
• Vālin

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Truthful speech can serve as righteous warning: Hanumān states facts to deter further adharma and needless destruction.

What is the narrative situation?

Hanumān emphasizes Rāma’s proven martial power to make Rāvaṇa understand the seriousness of opposing him.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Hanumān’s forthrightness (satya) and strategic clarity in delivering an unembellished message.