Ramayana — Sundara Kanda, Sarga 51, Shloka 10

हनूमदुपदेशः रावणस्य च कोपः

Hanuman’s Counsel to Ravana and Ravana’s Wrath

Devanagari script

ततस्तेन मृधे हत्वा राजपुत्रेण वालिनम्।सुग्रीवः स्थापितो राज्ये हर्यृक्षाणां गणेश्वरः।।।।

Transliteration

tatas tena mṛdhe hatvā rājaputreṇa vālinam |

sugrīvaḥ sthāpito rājye haryṛkṣāṇāṃ gaṇeśvaraḥ ||

Translation

Rồi vị vương tử ấy trong chiến trận đã giết Vālin, và lập Sugrīva lên ngôi—làm chúa tể, thống lĩnh các đoàn quân khỉ và gấu.

Word by Word

• tataḥ: then
• tataḥ: Kāla (काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tataḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; काल/अनन्तरार्थक-अव्यय (then/thereafter)

• tena: by him
• tena: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुं, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• mṛdhe: in battle
• mṛdhe: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mṛdha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/अधिकरण), एकवचन

• hatvā: having killed
• hatvā: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √han (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त; त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (absolutive/gerund), 'हत्वा'

• rājaputreṇa: by the prince
• rājaputreṇa: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rājan-putra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (राज्ञः पुत्रः)

• vālinam: Vali
• vālinam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vālin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/कर्म), एकवचन

• sugrīvaḥ: Sugriva
• sugrīvaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sugrīva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• sthāpitaḥ: was established
• sthāpitaḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √sthā (धातु), causative √sthāp (स्थापयति)
• Form: कृदन्त; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; 'स्थापितः'

• rājye: in the kingdom
• rājye: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rājya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/अधिकरण), एकवचन

• haryṛkṣāṇām: of monkeys and bears
• haryṛkṣāṇām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: hari + ṛkṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive), बहुवचन; द्वन्द्वसमासः (हरयः च ऋक्षाः च)

• gaṇeśvaraḥ: lord of the hosts
• gaṇeśvaraḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: gaṇa-īśvara (प्रातिपदिक: गण + ईश्वर)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (गणस्य ईश्वरः)

Context

"Then prince Rama killed Vali in battle and made Sugriva, king of the vanaras and bears and restored the kingship of Sugriva.

Characters & Entities

• Hanumān
• Rāma
• Vālin
• Sugrīva
• Vānaras
• Bears (ṛkṣas)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Restoration of rightful order in governance: after removing an obstructing power, leadership is established for the stability of the realm.

What is the narrative situation?

Hanumān narrates key events leading to the Rāma–Sugrīva alliance, explaining the political-military strength behind his mission.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rāma’s capacity to restore rule and forge alliances; Sugrīva’s legitimacy as installed king.