Shloka 31

मैत्रीप्रतिज्ञा-वैरकारणप्रश्नः

Friendship Vow and Inquiry into the Cause of Enmity

Devanagari script

सन्निगृह्य तु तं बाष्पं प्रमृज्य नयने शुभे।विनिश्श्वस्य च तेजस्वी राघवं वाक्यमब्रवीत्।।

Transliteration

sannigṛhya tu taṃ bāṣpaṃ pramṛjya nayane śubhe | viniśśvasya ca tejasvī rāghavaṃ vākyam abravīt ||

Translation

Kìm nén dòng lệ ấy, lau đôi mắt sáng trong, rồi hít một hơi dài; Sugrīva rạng ngời bèn thưa lời với Rāghava (Rāma).

Word by Word

• sannigṛhya: having restrained
• sannigṛhya: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sam-ni-√grah (धातु) + ya (ल्यप्)
• Form: अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund/ल्यप्), पूर्वकाल (having restrained/controlled)

• tu: then
• tu: Sambandha-bodhaka (सम्बन्धबोधक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, निपात (but/then)

• tam: that
• tam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन

• bāṣpam: tears
• bāṣpam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bāṣpa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन

• pramṛjya: having wiped
• pramṛjya: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra-√mṛj (धातु) + ya (ल्यप्)
• Form: अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund/ल्यप्), पूर्वकाल (having wiped)

• nayane: (his) two eyes
• nayane: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nayana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), द्विवचन

• śubhe: beautiful, auspicious
• śubhe: Karma-viśeṣaṇa (कर्मविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śubha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), द्विवचन; विशेषणम् (qualifying nayane)

• viniśśvasya: having sighed deeply
• viniśśvasya: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vi-ni-√śvas (धातु) + ya (ल्यप्)
• Form: अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund/ल्यप्), पूर्वकाल (having sighed/breathed out)

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, समुच्चयार्थक (and)

• tejasvī: the radiant one
• tejasvī: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tejasvin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; विशेषणम् (qualifying implied subject ‘he’)

• rāghavam: to Raghava (Rama)
• rāghavam: Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāghava (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन

• vākyam: words
• vākyam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vākya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन

• abravīt: said
• abravīt: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: brū (धातु)
• Form: लङ् (imperfect/past), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन

Context

Effulgent Sugriva controlled his tears, wiped his bright eyes, took deep breath and said to Rama:

Characters & Entities

• Sugrīva
• Rāghava (Rāma)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is aligned with satya and restraint: one should regain composure so that speech becomes clear, truthful, and beneficial rather than driven by uncontrolled emotion.

What is the narrative situation?

After being overwhelmed by tears, Sugrīva steadies himself and begins to narrate his suffering to Rāma.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Fortitude (dhairya) and readiness to speak truthfully despite pain.