Shloka 21

अङ्गदस्य प्रायोपवेशननिश्चयः

Angada’s Resolve to Fast unto Death

Devanagari script

रामस्य वनवासं च क्षयं दशरथस्य च।।।।जनस्थानवधं चैव वधं चैव जटायुषः।हरणं चैव वैदेह्या वालिनश्च वधं रणे।।।।रामकोपं च वदतां हरीणां भयमागतम्।

Transliteration

rāmasya vanavāsaṁ ca kṣayaṁ daśarathasya ca |

janasthāna-vadhaṁ caiva vadhaṁ caiva jaṭāyuṣaḥ |

haraṇaṁ caiva vaidehyā vāliṇaś ca vadhaṁ raṇe |

rāma-kopaṁ ca vadatāṁ harīṇāṁ bhayam āgatam ||

Translation

Khi bầy khỉ kể về việc Rāma phải vào rừng lưu đày, về cái chết của Daśaratha, về cuộc tàn sát tại Jana-sthāna, về cái chết của Jaṭāyu, về việc Vaidehī (Sītā) bị bắt cóc, về Vāli ngã xuống trong chiến trận, và về cơn thịnh nộ của Rāma—nỗi sợ hãi liền tràn đến với họ.

Word by Word

• सः: he/that (mountain)
• सः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन (Masculine, Nominative, Singular); सर्वनाम

• संविशद्भिः: by (those) lying down
• संविशद्भिः: करण (Karaṇa/Instrument)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम् + विश् (धातु)
• Form: शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त वर्तमानकाले कृदन्त (Present active participle), तृतीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन (Instrumental Plural); कर्तृकरणभाव: 'by those who were lying down'

• बहुभिः: by many
• बहुभिः: करण-विशेषण (Qualifier of instrument)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बहु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन (Masculine, Instrumental, Plural); विशेषण (qualifies प्लवङ्गमैः)

• महीधरः: the mountain
• महीधरः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: महीधर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन (Masculine, Nominative, Singular)

• महाद्रिकूटप्रतिमैः: like huge mountain peaks
• महाद्रिकूटप्रतिमैः: करण-विशेषण (Qualifier of instrument)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महा + अद्रि + कूट + प्रतिमा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन (Masculine, Instrumental, Plural); बहुपद-तत्पुरुष: महताम् अद्रीणाम् कूटैः प्रतिमाः (like great mountain-peaks)

• प्लवङ्गमैः: by monkeys
• प्लवङ्गमैः: करण (Karaṇa/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्लवङ्गम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन (Masculine, Instrumental, Plural)

• बभूव: became/appeared
• बभूव: क्रिया (Main verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन (3rd person singular); परस्मैपद

• सन्नादितनिर्दरान्तरः: with ravines resounding within
• सन्नादितनिर्दरान्तरः: कर्ता-विशेषण (Qualifier of subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सन्नादित + निर्दर + अन्तर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन (Masculine, Nominative, Singular); बहुव्रीहि: सन्नादितानि निर्दराणि अन्तरे यस्य (whose caves/clefts within were resounding)

• भृशम्: greatly
• भृशम्: क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: भृशम् (अव्यय)
• Form: परिमाण/तीव्रतावाचक अव्यय (adverb of degree)

• नदद्भिः: by thundering/roaring
• नदद्भिः: करण (Karaṇa/Instrument)
• Type: Verb
• Root: नद् (धातु)
• Form: शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त वर्तमानकाले कृदन्त (Present active participle), तृतीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन (Instrumental Plural)

• जलदैः: by clouds
• जलदैः: करण (Karaṇa/Instrument; in simile)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जलद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन (Masculine, Instrumental, Plural)

• इव: like
• इव: उपमा-सूचक (Simile marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव (अव्यय)
• Form: उपमावाचक अव्यय (particle of comparison)

• उल्बणैः: violent/mighty
• उल्बणैः: करण-विशेषण (Qualifier of instrument)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उल्बण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन (Masculine, Instrumental, Plural); विशेषण (qualifies जलदैः)

Context

While the numerous monkeys, resembling peaks of high mountains were roaring, it resounded through the mountain caves. It was like the sound of the stormy thunderclouds.ityārṣē śrīmadrāmāyaṇē vālmīkīya ādikāvyē kiṣkindhākāṇḍē pañcapañcāśassargaḥ৷৷Thus ends the fiftyfifth sarga in Kishkindakanda of the first epic, the Holy Ramayana composed by sage Valmiki.

Characters & Entities

• Rama
• Dasaratha
• Janasthana
• Jatayu
• Sita (Vaidehi)
• Vali

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Actions have consequences: failing one’s entrusted duty invites fear of just retribution; dharma is sustained by accountability to a righteous protector like Rāma.

What is the narrative situation?

During the fast, the monkeys recount major calamities linked to Rāma’s mission and power, and their fear intensifies.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rāma’s righteous power (dharma-tejas) implicitly—his anger is feared because it is grounded in justice.