Ramayana — Kishkindha Kanda, Sarga 39, Shloka 32

वानरसेनामिलनम् / The Mustering of the Vanara Hosts

Devanagari script

इन्द्रजानुः कपिर्वीरो यूथपः प्रत्यदृश्यत।एकादशानां कोटीनामीश्वरस्तैस्समावृतः।।4.39.32।।

Transliteration

indrajānuḥ kapivīro yūthapaḥ pratyadṛśyata | ekādaśānāṃ koṭīnām īśvaras tais samāvṛtaḥ || 4.39.32 ||

Translation

Rồi Indrajānu, vị anh hùng vānara, thủ lĩnh bầy đàn, hiện ra—làm chúa của mười một ức—được các đạo quân ấy vây quanh.

Word by Word

• इन्द्र-जानुः: Indrajānu (name)
• इन्द्र-जानुः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: indra + jānu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), प्रथमा (Nom. 1), एकवचन (sg.); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः ‘इन्द्रस्य जानुः’ (proper name)

• कपिः: vanara/monkey
• कपिः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kapi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), प्रथमा (Nom. 1), एकवचन (sg.)

• वीरः: heroic
• वीरः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vīra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), प्रथमा (Nom. 1), एकवचन (sg.); विशेषण (adjective)

• यूथपः: troop-leader
• यूथपः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yūthapa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), प्रथमा (Nom. 1), एकवचन (sg.)

• प्रत्यदृश्यत: appeared/was seen
• प्रत्यदृश्यत: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: dṛś (धातु)
• Form: लङ् (Imperfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन (sg.), आत्मनेपद; प्र + प्रति; कर्मणि-प्रयोग (passive sense)

• एकादशानाम्: of eleven
• एकादशानाम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ekādaśan (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: त्रिलिङ्ग (numeral), षष्ठी (Gen. 6), बहुवचन (pl.)

• कोटीनाम्: of crores
• कोटीनाम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: koṭi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (f.), षष्ठी (Gen. 6), बहुवचन (pl.)

• ईश्वरः: lord/chief
• ईश्वरः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: īśvara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), प्रथमा (Nom. 1), एकवचन (sg.)

• तैः: by/with them
• तैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम (pronoun), पुंलिङ्ग (m.)/नपुंसकलिङ्ग (n.), तृतीया (Instr. 3), बहुवचन (pl.)

• समावृतः: surrounded
• समावृतः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sam-ā-vṛ (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त (past passive participle, क्त), पुंलिङ्ग (m.), प्रथमा (Nom. 1), एकवचन (sg.); ‘surrounded’

Context

Then Indrajanu the troop leader and chief of vanaras appeared along with eleven crore monkeys.

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is expressed through rightful leadership and coordinated service: authority (īśvara) is shown as responsibility over many, directed toward a just mission.

What is the narrative situation?

More commanders arrive to join Sugrīva’s grand mobilization for locating Sītā and aiding Rāma.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Command responsibility—Indrajānu is portrayed as capable of leading and organizing vast numbers.