Ramayana — Kishkindha Kanda, Sarga 39, Shloka 31

वानरसेनामिलनम् / The Mustering of the Vanara Hosts

Devanagari script

ततस्ताराद्युतिस्तारो हरिर्भीमपराक्रमः।पञ्चभिर्हरिकोटीभिर्दूरतः प्रत्यदृश्यत।।4.39.31।।

Transliteration

tatas tārādyutis tāro harir bhīmaparākramaḥ | pañcabhir harikoṭībhiḥ dūrataḥ pratyadṛśyata || 4.39.31 ||

Translation

Bấy giờ Tāra, rực sáng như vì sao, uy lực đáng sợ, từ xa hiện ra, được năm ức chiến sĩ vānara hộ tống.

Word by Word

• ततः: then/thereafter
• ततः: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatas (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (Avyaya), काल/क्रमवाचक (temporal-sequential adverb)

• तारा-द्युतिः: star-like radiance (name: Tārādyuti)
• तारा-द्युतिः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tārā + dyuti (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (f.), प्रथमा (Nom. 1), एकवचन (sg.); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (genitive tatpuruṣa) ‘तारायाः द्युतिः’

• तारः: Tāra
• तारः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tāra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), प्रथमा (Nom. 1), एकवचन (sg.)

• हरिः: a vanara/monkey-chief
• हरिः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: hari (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), प्रथमा (Nom. 1), एकवचन (sg.)

• भीम-पराक्रमः: of terrible prowess
• भीम-पराक्रमः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: bhīma + parākrama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), प्रथमा (Nom. 1), एकवचन (sg.); कर्मधारयः ‘भीमः पराक्रमः यस्य’ (terrific valour)

• पञ्चभिः: with five
• पञ्चभिः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pañcan (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: त्रिलिङ्ग (numeral), तृतीया (Instr. 3), बहुवचन (pl.)

• हरि-कोटीभिः: with crores of vanaras
• हरि-कोटीभिः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: hari + koṭi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (f., कोटि), तृतीया (Instr. 3), बहुवचन (pl.); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः ‘हरीणां कोटयः’

• दूरतः: from a distance
• दूरतः: Apadana (अपादान)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: dūratas (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (Avyaya), देशवाचक (locative adverb)

• प्रत्यदृश्यत: was seen/appeared
• प्रत्यदृश्यत: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: dṛś (धातु)
• Form: लङ् (Imperfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (sg.), आत्मनेपद; प्र + प्रति उपसर्ग; कर्मणि-प्रयोग (passive sense): ‘was seen/appeared’

Context

And Tara (brother of Ruma's father) of terrific valour shining like a star showed up at a distance with five crore vanaras.

Characters & Entities

• Tāra
• Hari (vānara-s)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma appears as disciplined support for a righteous undertaking: leaders and troops present themselves promptly for collective action.

What is the narrative situation?

The epic lists the arrival of major vānara commanders and their forces as Sugrīva’s mobilization reaches full scale.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Courage joined with order—Tāra’s brilliance and fearsome strength are paired with organized attendance of troops.