Shloka 4

कृतघ्ननिन्दा तथा सुग्रीवप्रबोधनम्

Condemnation of Ingratitude and Admonition of Sugriva

Devanagari script

उत्पतन्तमनूत्पेतू रुमाप्रभृतयः स्त्रियः।सुग्रीवं गगने पूर्णचन्द्रं तारागणा इव।।।।

Transliteration

utpatantam anūtpētu rumā-prabhṛtayaḥ striyaḥ |

sugrīvaṃ gagane pūrṇa-candraṃ tārā-gaṇā iva ||

Translation

Khi Sugrīva bật dậy, Rumā cùng các phụ nữ khác cũng đứng lên theo—như muôn vì sao vây quanh vầng trăng tròn đang lên giữa trời.

Word by Word

• utpatantam: (him) leaping up / flying up
• utpatantam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Verb
• Root: utpat (उत्+पत् धातु) (धातु)
• Form: वर्तमानकाले शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (Present active participle/शतृ), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/कर्म), एकवचन (Singular), पुल्लिङ्ग (Masculine)

• anūtpētū: (they two) leapt up after (him)
• anūtpētū: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ut+pat (उत्+पत् धातु) (धातु)
• Form: लुङ्-लकार (Aorist), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), द्विवचन (Dual)

• rumā-prabhṛtayaḥ: Rumā and the others
• rumā-prabhṛtayaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rumā (रुमा प्रातिपदिक) + prabhṛti (प्रभृति प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (Rumā as starting point/‘Rumā and the rest’), स्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/कर्ता), बहुवचन (Plural)

• striyaḥ: women
• striyaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: strī (स्त्री प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), बहुवचन (Plural)

• sugrīvam: Sugriva
• sugrīvam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sugrīva (सुग्रीव प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग (Masculine), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative), एकवचन (Singular)

• gagane: in the sky
• gagane: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: gagana (गगन प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/अधिकरण), एकवचन (Singular)

• pūrṇa-candram: the full moon
• pūrṇa-candram: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pūrṇa (पूर्ण प्रातिपदिक) + candra (चन्द्र प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय-समास (‘full’ as qualifier of ‘moon’), पुल्लिङ्ग (Masculine), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative), एकवचन (Singular)

• tārā-gaṇāḥ: clusters of stars
• tārā-gaṇāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tārā (तारा प्रातिपदिक) + gaṇa (गण प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (‘group of stars’), पुल्लिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), बहुवचन (Plural)

• iva: like
• iva: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/उपमान-उपमेय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iva (इव अव्यय)
• Form: उपमा-अव्यय (indeclinable of comparison)

Context

'You have failed to keep your word. You are engaged in worldly pleasures. Rama did not know that you are a serpent croaking like a frog.

Characters & Entities

• Sugrīva
• Rumā

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Social dharma as decorum: those in the royal court mirror the king’s posture, reflecting shared responsibility and respect in moments of crisis.

What is the narrative situation?

In Sugrīva’s court, his sudden rising prompts Rumā and the other women to stand immediately, heightening the scene’s urgency.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Attentiveness and propriety—quick, coordinated response to a tense encounter.