Shloka 45

किष्किन्धाप्रवेशः—लक्ष्मणस्य कोपः, तारासान्त्वम्, सुग्रीवदर्शनम्

Lakshmana Enters Kishkindha: Anger, Tara’s Mediation, and Sugriva Encountered

Devanagari script

स मासांश्चतुरः कृत्वा प्रमाणं प्लवगेश्वरः।व्यतीतां स्तान्मदव्यग्रो विहरन्नावबुध्यते।।।।

Transliteration

sa māsāṃś caturaḥ kṛtvā pramāṇaṃ plavageśvaraḥ | vyatītāṃs tān madavyagro viharann avabudhyate ||

Translation

Đã định bốn tháng làm kỳ hạn, chúa tể loài khỉ—bị men say làm mê mải—cứ vui chơi mà chẳng hay rằng bốn tháng ấy đã trôi qua.

Word by Word

• सः: he
• सः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Sarvanāma, Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana

• मासान्: months
• मासान्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मास (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Bahuvacana

• चतुरः: four
• चतुरः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: चतुर् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Bahuvacana; numeral adjective qualifying मासान्

• कृत्वा: having fixed
• कृत्वा: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √कृ (धातु)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा), having made/fixed

• प्रमाणम्: a measure/term (as agreed)
• प्रमाणम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रमाण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napuṃsakalिङ्ग, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; object of कृत्वा

• प्लवगेश्वरः: lord of monkeys
• प्लवगेश्वरः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्लवग (प्रातिपदिक) + ईश्वर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; Tatpuruṣa: plavagānām īśvaraḥ (lord of monkeys)

• व्यतीतान्: elapsed/overstepped
• व्यतीतान्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वि-√अत्/√इ (धातु) (व्यतीत as कृदन्त)
• Form: Bhūta-kṛdanta (past participle/क्त), Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Bahuvacana; qualifying तान् (months)

• तान्: those
• तान्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Sarvanāma, Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Bahuvacana

• मदव्यग्रः: distracted by intoxication
• मदव्यग्रः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मद (प्रातिपदिक) + व्यग्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; Tatpuruṣa: made vyagraḥ (distracted by intoxication)

• विहरन्: sporting/enjoying
• विहरन्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वि-√हृ (धातु)
• Form: Vartamāna-kṛdanta (present participle/शतृ), Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; qualifying subject

• न: not
• न: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: Niṣedha-nipāta (negation)

• अवबुध्यते: realizes
• अवबुध्यते: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ava-√बुध् (धातु)
• Form: Laṭ-lakāra, Prathama-puruṣa, Ekavacana; ātmanepada

Context

'The king of monkeys has already spent four months, enjoying drinks. He does not realize that he has flouted his promise.

Characters & Entities

• Lakṣmaṇa
• Tārā
• Sugrīva

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Satya and responsibility: a pledged timeline is part of truthfulness; letting time lapse through indulgence is a moral failure, especially when others depend on the promise.

What is the narrative situation?

Lakṣmaṇa highlights that the agreed four-month period has passed, intensifying the urgency to act in searching for Sītā.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Integrity in commitments and urgency in righteous action—Lakṣmaṇa insists that duty is time-sensitive.