Shloka 11

शरत्प्रवेशे रामविलापः तथा सुग्रीवप्रमादे लक्ष्मणप्रेषणम्

Autumn’s Onset: Rama’s Lament and Lakshmana Sent to Sugriva

Devanagari script

सरांसि सरितो वापीः काननानि वनानि च।तां विना मृगशाबाक्षीं चरन्नाद्य सुखं लभे।।

Transliteration

sarāṃsi sarito vāpīḥ kānanāni vanāni ca |

tāṃ vinā mṛgaśābākṣīṃ carann adya sukhaṃ labhe ||4.30.11||

Translation

Dẫu lang thang qua hồ ao, sông suối, giếng nước, rừng thẳm và lâm viên, không có nàng—người có mắt như nai con—hôm nay ta chẳng tìm được chút an lạc.

Word by Word

• sarāṃsi: lakes
• sarāṃsi: Karma (कर्म; objects of ‘wander’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: saras (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napुंसकलिङ्ग (neuter), Prathamā (Nominative/1st), Bahuvacana

• saritaḥ: rivers
• saritaḥ: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sarit (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana (Vedic/epic nominative plural form saritaḥ)

• vāpīḥ: ponds/wells
• vāpīḥ: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vāpī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana

• kānanāni: woods
• kānanāni: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kānana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napुंसकलिङ्ग, Prathamā, Bahuvacana

• vanāni: forests
• vanāni: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napुंसकलिङ्ग, Prathamā, Bahuvacana

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction particle (समुच्चय-अव्यय)

• tām: her
• tām: Apādāna/Viṣaya (विषय; with vinā)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Dvitīyā (Accusative/2nd), Ekavacana

• vinā: without
• vinā: Apādāna (अपादान; separation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vinā (अव्यय)
• Form: Prepositional indeclinable (upapada) meaning ‘without’; governs accusative

• mṛgaśābākṣīm: the fawn-eyed lady
• mṛgaśābākṣīm: Apādāna/Viṣaya (विषय; apposition to tām with vinā)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mṛgaśāba + akṣī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; bahuvrīhi: ‘she whose eyes are like a fawn’s’

• caran: wandering
• caran: Kartṛ-viśeṣaṇa (कर्ता-विशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √car (धातु)
• Form: Śatṛ present active participle, Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; agrees with implied ‘aham’

• na: not
• na: Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Negation particle (निषेध-अव्यय)

• adya: today/now
• adya: Kālādhi karaṇa (कालाधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: adya (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb of time (काल-अव्यय)

• sukham: happiness/comfort
• sukham: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sukha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napुंसकलिङ्ग, Dvitīyā (Accusative/2nd), Ekavacana

• labhe: I obtain
• labhe: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √labh (धातु)
• Form: Laṭ-lakāra (Present), Ātmanepada, Uttama-puruṣa (1st person), Ekavacana

Context

'Even though I am wandering by lakes, rivers, wells, forests and groves,I am not happy without that fawn-eyed lady.

Characters & Entities

• Sītā (by epithet mṛgaśābākṣī)
• lakes
• rivers
• forests

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse affirms the sanctity of loyal relationship: worldly beauty cannot replace dharmic companionship; love aligned with truth (satya) remains centered on the person, not pleasures.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāma continues lamenting in autumn; even nature’s abundance cannot console him without Sītā.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Constancy (niṣṭhā) in love and commitment—Rāma’s mind does not drift from his dharmic bond.