Ramayana — Bala Kanda, Sarga 70, Shloka 8

वंशवर्णनम् तथा विवाहप्रार्थना

Genealogy of the Ikshvaku Line and the Proposal for Marriage

Devanagari script

तद्वृत्तं नृपति श्शृत्वा दूतश्रेष्ठैर्महाबलै:।अज्ञायाऽथ नरेन्द्रस्य आजगाम कुशध्वज:।।1.70.8।।

Transliteration

tad vṛttaṃ nṛpatiḥ śrutvā dūtaśreṣṭhair mahābalaiḥ |

ājñāyātha narendrasya ājagāma kuśadhvajaḥ || 1.70.8 ||

Translation

Nghe việc ấy từ những sứ giả ưu tú, dũng lực phi thường, Kuśadhvaja hiểu rõ mệnh lệnh của bậc quân vương liền lên đường đến yết kiến.

Word by Word

• saḥ: he
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Sarvanāma; Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana

• dadarśa: saw
• dadarśa: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: dṛś (दृश् धातु)
• Form: Liṭ lakāra (Perfect), Prathama puruṣa, Ekavacana; parasmaipada

• mahātmānam: great-souled
• mahātmānam: Viśeṣaṇa of Karma (कर्म-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mahā-ātman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; agrees with janakam; कर्मधारय (mahān ātmā yasya)

• janakam: Janaka
• janakam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: janaka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana

• dharmavatsalam: devoted to dharma
• dharmavatsalam: Viśeṣaṇa of Karma (कर्म-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dharma-vatsala (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; agrees with janakam; तत्पुरुष (dharme vatsalaḥ)

• saḥ: he
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Sarvanāma; Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana

• abhivādya: having saluted
• abhivādya: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: abhi-vad (वद् धातु)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा-ल्यप्) from √vad with abhi- (to salute/greet)

• śatānandam: Śatānanda
• śatānandam: Karma (कर्म; object of abhivādya)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śatānanda (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana

• rājānam: the king
• rājānam: Karma (कर्म; object of abhivādya)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rājan (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; refers to Janaka

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; conjunction

• api: also
• api: Nipāta (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; particle (also)

• dhārmikam: righteous
• dhārmikam: Viśeṣaṇa of Karma (कर्म-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dhārmika (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; agrees with rājānam

• rājārham: befitting a king
• rājārham: Viśeṣaṇa of Karma (कर्म-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: rāja-arha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napuṃsakaliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; agrees with āsanam; तत्पुरुष (rājñaḥ arham)

• paramam: supreme
• paramam: Viśeṣaṇa of Karma (कर्म-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: parama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napuṃsakaliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; agrees with āsanam

• divyam: splendid
• divyam: Viśeṣaṇa of Karma (कर्म-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: divya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napuṃsakaliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; agrees with āsanam

• āsanam: seat/throne
• āsanam: Karma (कर्म; object of adhyarohata)
• Type: Noun
• Root: āsana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napuṃsakaliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; conjunction

• adhyarohata: ascended/occupied
• adhyarohata: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: adhi-ruh (रुह् धातु)
• Form: Laṅ lakāra (Imperfect), Prathama puruṣa, Ekavacana; parasmaipada; √ruh with adhi- (to mount/ascend)

Context

Kusadhwaja having heard the events from the loyal, mighty messengers set out for Mithila in compliance with the request of the king (Janaka).

Characters & Entities

• Kuśadhvaja
• Janaka
• Messengers (dūta)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma as responsiveness to rightful summons: Kuśadhvaja honors royal and familial obligation by promptly acting on Janaka’s request.

What is the narrative situation?

After receiving the report, Kuśadhvaja prepares to go to Mithilā to participate in the proceedings.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Respect for duty and readiness to support righteous family decisions.