Ramayana — Bala Kanda, Sarga 65, Shloka 1

विश्वामित्रस्य ब्राह्मर्षित्वप्राप्तिः

Viśvāmitra Attains Brahmarṣi Status

Devanagari script

अथ हैमवतीं राम दिशं त्यक्त्वा महामुनि:।पूर्वां दिशमनुप्राप्य तपस्तेपे सुदारुणम्।।।।

Transliteration

atha haimavatīṃ rāma diśaṃ tyaktvā mahāmuniḥ |

pūrvāṃ diśam anuprāpya tapas tepe sudāruṇam || 1.65.1 ||

Translation

Bấy giờ, hỡi Rāma, vị đại ẩn sĩ rời miền Tuyết Sơn (Himavat), đi đến phương Đông và thực hành những khổ hạnh vô cùng nghiêm khắc.

Word by Word

• अथ: then/thereafter
• अथ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अथ (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अनुक्रमसूचक/सम्बन्धबोधक (indeclinable particle: then/thereafter)

• हैमवतीम्: (the) Himālayan
• हैमवतीम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हैमवती (प्रातिपदिक) < हिमवत्-सम्बन्धी
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म), एकवचन; विशेषण (fem. acc. sg.)

• राम: O Rāma
• राम: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (8th/vocative), एकवचन

• दिशम्: direction/quarter
• दिशम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिश् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म), एकवचन

• त्यक्त्वा: having left/abandoned
• त्यक्त्वा: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: त्यज् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund/absolutive); ‘having abandoned’

• महामुनिः: the great sage
• महामुनिः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: महामुनि (प्रातिपदिक) = महा + मुनि
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (कर्ता), एकवचन; कर्मधारय-समास (a great sage)

• पूर्वाम्: eastern
• पूर्वाम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पूर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म), एकवचन; विशेषण

• दिशम्: direction/quarter
• दिशम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिश् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म), एकवचन

• अनुप्राप्य: having reached
• अनुप्राप्य: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अनु-प्र-आप् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund); ‘having reached’

• तपः: austerity/penance
• तपः: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तपस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म), एकवचन; ‘तपस्’ (neut. acc. sg.)

• तेपे: performed/practised
• तेपे: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: तप् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (परिपूर्णभूत/Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद

• सुदारुणम्: very severe
• सुदारुणम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सुदारुण (प्रातिपदिक) = सु + दारुण
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म), एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifying तपः)

Context

Excited by the charming warble of the cuckoo, Viswamitra opened his eyes.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Viśvāmitra (mahāmuni)
• Himavat (Himalaya region)
• East (pūrvā diś)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma as resilience: when obstacles arise, one recommits to righteous effort, even changing place and conditions to protect the integrity of one’s spiritual purpose.

What is the narrative situation?

With his austerities previously disrupted, Viśvāmitra relocates from the Himalayan region to the eastern direction to continue harsher penance.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Determination and renunciant discipline—he does not abandon his aim but intensifies his practice.