Ramayana — Bala Kanda, Sarga 6, Shloka 6

अयोध्यावर्णनम्

Description of Ayodhya under Daśaratha

Devanagari script

तस्मिन्पुरवरे हृष्टा धर्मात्मानो बहुश्रुता: ।नरास्तुष्टा धनैस्स्वैस्स्वैरलुब्धास्सत्यवादिन: ।।1.6.6।।

Transliteration

tasmin puravare hṛṣṭā dharmātmāno bahuśrutāḥ |

narās tuṣṭā dhanais svaiḥ svair alubdhāḥ satyavādinaḥ ||1.6.6||

Translation

Trong thành thượng diệu ấy, dân chúng hoan hỷ—đạo hạnh, đa văn, an túc với của cải mình có, không tham luyến, và luôn nói lời chân thật.

Word by Word

• तस्मिन्: in that
• तस्मिन्: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम (Pronoun), सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/7th), एकवचन (Singular), पुं/नपुंसकलिङ्ग-प्रयोगः (contextual)

• पुरवरे: in the best city
• पुरवरे: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुर + वर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय/तत्पुरुष (excellent city), सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/7th), एकवचन (Singular), पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine)

• हृष्टाः: joyful
• हृष्टाः: विशेषण (Viśeṣaṇa)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हृष् (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त (Past Passive Participle/क्त), पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural)

• धर्मात्मानः: virtuous
• धर्मात्मानः: विशेषण (Viśeṣaṇa)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: धर्म + आत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: बहुव्रीहि (whose self is dharma = virtuous), पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural)

• बहुश्रुताः: widely learned
• बहुश्रुताः: विशेषण (Viśeṣaṇa)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बहु + श्रुत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: बहुव्रीहि/कर्मधारय-प्रायः (much-heard = learned), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• नराः: men, people
• नराः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural)

• तुष्टाः: content
• तुष्टाः: विशेषण (Viśeṣaṇa)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तुष् (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त (Past Passive Participle/क्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• धनैः: with wealth
• धनैः: करण (Karaṇa/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/3rd), बहुवचन (Plural)

• स्वैः: their own
• स्वैः: विशेषण (Viśeṣaṇa)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्व (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम-विशेषण (possessive), तृतीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन, नपुंसकलिङ्ग; 'धनैः' इति विशेष्येण सह

• स्वैः: each (his) own
• स्वैः: विशेषण (Viśeṣaṇa)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्व (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुनरुक्ति (repetition for distributive sense), तृतीया, बहुवचन, नपुंसकलिङ्ग

• अलुब्धाः: free from greed
• अलुब्धाः: विशेषण (Viśeṣaṇa)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अ + लुब्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नञ्-समास/नकार-पूर्वक (not greedy), कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• सत्यवादिनः: truthful (truth-speakers)
• सत्यवादिनः: विशेषण (Viśeṣaṇa)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सत्य + वादिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष (truth-speaking), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

Context

The people living in that excellent city were happy, virtuous, well-read (in the Vedas and the sastras) and content with the possessions of their own. They were free from avarice. And always spoke the truth.

Characters & Entities

• Ayodhyā

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

A dharmic society is marked by truthfulness and non-greed: contentment with one’s rightful means and commitment to satya sustain civic harmony.

What is the narrative situation?

The narrator describes the moral and intellectual character of Ayodhyā’s residents under righteous kingship.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Satyavāda (truth-speaking) and alobha (freedom from greed), supported by learning and contentment.