Ramayana — Bala Kanda, Sarga 6, Shloka 22

अयोध्यावर्णनम्

Description of Ayodhya under Daśaratha

Devanagari script

काम्भोजविषये जातैर्बाह्लीकैश्च हयोत्तमै: ।वनायुजैर्नदीजैश्च पूर्णा हरिहयोत्तमै:।।1.6.22।।

Transliteration

kāmbhojaviṣaye jātair bāhlīkaiś ca hayottamaiḥ |

vanāyujair nadījaiś ca pūrṇā harihayottamaiḥ || 1.6.22 ||

Translation

Nơi ấy lại sung túc những tuấn mã thượng hạng—sinh từ xứ Kāmboja và Bāhlīka, cùng giống Vanāyu và miền sông nước—những chiến mã tuyệt hảo, ví như các ‘hari’ mã bậc nhất.

Word by Word

• काम्भोजविषये: in the Kamboja region
• काम्भोजविषये: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण) (locative: in the region)
• Type: Noun
• Root: काम्भोज + विषय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th case), एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः (षष्ठी) ‘काम्भोजस्य विषयः’

• जातैः: born (there)
• जातैः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) (instrumental group qualifying horses)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: जात (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √जन् धातु)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; भूतकृदन्त (past participle) ‘born’

• बाह्लीकैः: with Bāhlīka (Bactrian) ones
• बाह्लीकैः: Karaṇa (करण) (instrumental: with/by)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बाह्लीक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; gentilic adjective

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• हयोत्तमैः: with excellent horses
• हयोत्तमैः: Karaṇa (करण) (instrumental: with excellent horses)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हय + उत्तम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; कर्मधारयः ‘उत्तमाः हयाः’

• वनायुजैः: with Vanāyu-bred ones
• वनायुजैः: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वनायुज (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; regional/gentilic adjective

• नदीजैः: with river-born ones
• नदीजैः: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नदी + ज (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; तत्पुरुषः ‘नद्याः जाताः’ = river-born

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय

• पूर्णा: full
• पूर्णा: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa / Predicate (विधेय)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पूर्ण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; predicate adjective (city understood)

• हरिहयोत्तमैः: with the best tawny horses
• हरिहयोत्तमैः: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हरि + हय + उत्तम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; कर्मधारयः ‘हरयः हयाः’ (tawny horses) + उत्तम

Context

The city was full of excellent horses born in the regions of Kambhoja, Bahlika, Vanayu and Sindhu, similar to that of Indra's horse (called Ucchaisrava).

Characters & Entities

• Ayodhyā
• Kāmboja
• Bāhlīka

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Righteous rule includes responsible maintenance of state resources: strong logistics (fine horses) supports protection of citizens and the enforcement of lawful order.

What is the narrative situation?

Ayodhyā’s prosperity and military readiness are described through its famed horse stock sourced from renowned regions.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Administrative competence: the implied virtue of the kingdom is organized abundance—resources gathered and maintained for stability and defense.