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Ramayana — Bala Kanda, Sarga 6, Shloka 1

अयोध्यावर्णनम्

Description of Ayodhya under Daśaratha

. तस्यां पुर्यामयोध्यायां वेदवित्सर्वसङ्ग्रह: ।दीर्घदर्शी महातेजा: पौरजानपदप्रिय: ।।1.6.1।। इक्ष्वाकूणामतिरथो यज्वा धर्मरतो वशी ।महर्षिकल्पो राजर्षिस्त्रिषु लोकेषु विश्रुत: ।।1.6.2।। बलवान्निहतामित्रो मित्रवान्विजितेन्द्रिय: ।धनैश्च सङ्ग्रहैश्चान्यैश्शक्रवैश्रवणोपम: ।।1.6.3।। यथा मनुर्महातेजा लोकस्य परिरक्षिता ।तथा दशरथो राजा वसञ्जगदपालयत् ।। 1.6.4।।

tasyāṃ purīm ayodhyāyāṃ vedavit sarvasaṅgrahaḥ |

dīrghadarśī mahātejāḥ paurajānapadapriyaḥ ||1.6.1||

ikṣvākūṇām atiratho yajvā dharmarato vaśī |

maharṣikalpo rājarṣis triṣu lokeṣu viśrutaḥ ||1.6.2||

balavān nihatāmitro mitravān vijitendriyaḥ |

dhanaiś ca saṅgrahaiś cānyaiḥ śakravaiśravaṇopamaḥ ||1.6.3||

yathā manur mahātejā lokasya parirakṣitā |

tathā daśaratho rājā vasan jagad apālayat ||1.6.4||

Trong thành Ayodhyā ấy ngự một vị vua tên Daśaratha—thông suốt Veda, của cải sung túc, tầm nhìn xa rộng, oai quang rực rỡ, được dân thành thị và thôn dã mến yêu. Trong dòng Ikṣvāku, ngài là bậc anh hùng xe chiến bậc nhất; là người cử hành tế lễ, chuyên tâm nơi dharma, tự chế và làm chủ. Tựa đại hiền, ngài là bậc vương thánh (rājarṣi) lừng danh khắp ba cõi. Mạnh mẽ, diệt kẻ thù, giàu bằng hữu, thắng phục các căn; phú quý sánh Indra và Kubera. Như Manu đại uy lực che chở muôn dân, cũng vậy, vua Daśaratha cư ngụ nơi ấy mà hộ trì thế gian.

तेनby him (by that king)
तेन:
करण (Karaṇa/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे तृतीया-एकवचनम् (Instrumental singular, masc.)
सत्याभिसन्धेनby (his) truthful resolve / by keeping his promise
सत्याभिसन्धेन:
करण (Karaṇa/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootसत्य + अभिसन्धि (प्रातिपदिके; समासः)
Formपुंलिङ्गे तृतीया-एकवचनम् (Instrumental singular, masc.); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः/उपपद-तत्पुरुषः: ‘सत्यस्य अभिसन्धिः’ = promise/resolve of truth
त्रिवर्गम्the three aims (dharma, artha, kāma)
त्रिवर्गम्:
कर्म (Karma/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootत्रि + वर्ग (प्रातिपदिके; समासः)
Formपुंलिङ्गे द्वितीया-एकवचनम् (Accusative singular, masc.); द्विगु-समासः = ‘त्रयाणां वर्गाणां समाहारः’ (the set of three aims: dharma-artha-kāma)
अनुतिष्ठताby (him) practising / observing
अनुतिष्ठता:
विशेषण-भावः (Adverbial/qualifying to ‘तेन’—by him who was practising)
TypeVerb
Rootअनु + स्था (धाातु) → अनुतिष्ठत् (वर्तमान-कृदन्त, शतृ)
Formशतृ-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्तम् (Present active participle); पुंलिङ्गे तृतीया-एकवचनम् (Instrumental singular, masc.); ‘अनुतिष्ठत्’ = practising/observing
पालिताwas protected / was ruled
पालिता:
कर्म (Karma as grammatical subject in passive)
TypeVerb
Rootपाल् (धाातु) → पालित (भूतकृदन्त, क्त)
Formक्त-प्रत्ययान्त भूतकृदन्तम् (Past passive participle); स्त्रीलिङ्गे प्रथमा-एकवचनम् (Nominative singular, fem.); कर्मणि प्रयोगे ‘पालिता’ = was protected/ruled
साthat
सा:
विशेषण (Viśeṣaṇa of ‘पुरी’)
TypeAdjective
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्गे प्रथमा-एकवचनम् (Nominative singular, fem.); सर्वनाम—‘that’
पुरीcity
पुरी:
कर्तृ (Karta/Subject—of ‘पालिता’ in passive sense as nominative)
TypeNoun
Rootपुरी (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्गे प्रथमा-एकवचनम् (Nominative singular, fem.)
श्रेष्ठाexcellent / best
श्रेष्ठा:
विशेषण (Viśeṣaṇa of ‘पुरी’)
TypeAdjective
Rootश्रेष्ठ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्गे प्रथमा-एकवचनम् (Nominative singular, fem.); ‘पुरी’ इति विशेष्यस्य विशेषणम्
इन्द्रेणby Indra
इन्द्रेण:
करण (Karaṇa/Instrument—standard of comparison with ‘इव’)
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे तृतीया-एकवचनम् (Instrumental singular, masc.)
इवlike
इव:
सम्बन्ध/उपमान (Comparative marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव (अव्यय)
Formउपमा-अव्ययम् (indeclinable of comparison: ‘like/as’)
अमरावतीAmarāvatī
अमरावती:
उपमेय/उपमान-सम्बन्ध (Object of comparison; city compared)
TypeNoun
Rootअमर + आवती (प्रातिपदिके; समासः)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्गे प्रथमा-एकवचनम् (Nominative singular, fem.); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः: ‘अमराणाम् आवती’ = city of the immortals (Amarāvatī)

From that city of Ayodhya, king Dasaratha ruled the entire world, following the tradition of Manu who was a highly powerful protector of the people. Dasaratha waswell versed in the Vedas. He commanded all resources. Far-sighted, he possessed great prowess. He was dear to the inhabitants of towns and villages. Among Ikshvaku kings, he was a great charioteer capable of fighting with many maharathas single-handed. He performed many sacrifices and was devoted to the practice of dharma. He was in full control over his subjects. He was a great sage, a royal saint and renowned in the three worlds (Bhooloka, Bhuvarloka and Suvarloka). He was mighty. He was a destroyer of enemies. He had scores of good friends. He had perfect control over his senses. In riches, he was comparable to Indra and Kubera.

A
Ayodhyā
D
Daśaratha
I
Ikṣvāku dynasty
M
Manu
I
Indra (Śakra)
K
Kubera (Vaiśravaṇa)
V
Veda
Y
yajña (sacrifice)

FAQs

Rājadharma: the king’s righteousness is expressed as protection of the world, self-control, Vedic learning, and public welfare—rule as guardianship, not exploitation.

Early in Bālakāṇḍa, the poem establishes Ayodhyā’s setting and portrays Daśaratha’s ideal qualities before the events leading to Rāma’s birth and mission.

Daśaratha’s kingly excellence—discipline, generosity, strength, and devotion to dharma—modeling the ethical ideal of a ruler.