Ramayana — Bala Kanda, Sarga 48, Shloka 9

अहल्याशापवर्णनम्

The Account of Ahalyā’s Curse and the Deserted Hermitage near Mithilā

Devanagari script

तत: परमसत्कारं सुमते: प्राप्य राघवौ।।।।उष्य तत्र निशामेकां जग्मतुर्मिथिलां तत: ।

Transliteration

tataḥ paramasatkāraṃ sumateḥ prāpya rāghavau |

uṣya tatra niśām ekāṃ jagmatur mithilāṃ tataḥ ||

Translation

Sau khi được vua Sumati ban cho sự tiếp đãi tôn quý bậc nhất, hai vị Rāghava nghỉ lại đó một đêm; rồi từ ấy lên đường tiến về Mithilā.

Word by Word

• tataḥ: then, thereafter
• tataḥ: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatas (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), adverb; 'then/from there'

• parama-satkāram: great honour
• parama-satkāram: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: parama (प्रातिपदिक) + satkāra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; object of prāpya

• sumateḥ: from Sumati (the king)
• sumateḥ: Apādāna/Source (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sumati (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular

• prāpya: having obtained
• prāpya: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √āp (धातु)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (ल्यप्), 'having obtained'

• rāghavau: Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa
• rāghavau: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāghava (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Dual

• uṣya: having stayed
• uṣya: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √vas (धातु)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (ल्यप्) from upa-√vas/√vas 'to dwell'; 'having stayed'

• tatra: there
• tatra: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatra (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya, adverb of place

• niśām: night
• niśām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: niśā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular

• ekām: one
• ekām: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: eka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; qualifying niśām

• jagmatuḥ: went
• jagmatuḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √gam (धातु)
• Form: Liṭ? actually perfect form 'jagmatuḥ' (लिट्, परोक्षभूत), Parasmaipada, Prathama-puruṣa (3rd), Dvi-vacana (dual)

• mithilām: to Mithilā
• mithilām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mithilā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; goal/destination

• tataḥ: thereafter
• tataḥ: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatas (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Avyaya, adverb; 'then/from there'

Context

The descendants of Raghu (Rama and Lakshmana) having received great honour from Sumati, stayed there one night and thereafter set out for Mithila.

Characters & Entities

• Sumati
• Rāma
• Lakṣmaṇa
• Mithilā

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Respect for dharmic relationships: receiving hospitality with gratitude and moving onward without overindulgence—balanced conduct aligned with purpose.

What is the narrative situation?

Having been honored by King Sumati, Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa rest one night and then continue the journey toward Mithilā.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Discipline and purposefulness: the princes do not linger; they proceed steadily toward the next duty in the narrative.