Ramayana — Bala Kanda, Sarga 4, Shloka 19

कुशिलवगानप्रशंसा

The Commissioning and Public Performance of the Rāmāyaṇa

Devanagari script

एवं प्रशस्यमानौ तौ तपश्श्लाघ्यैर्महात्मभि:।संरक्ततरमत्यर्थं मधुरं तावगायताम्।।1.4.19।।

Transliteration

evaṃ praśasyamānau tau tapaḥślāghyair mahātmabhiḥ | saṃraktataraṃ atyarthaṃ madhuraṃ tāv agāyatām || 1.4.19 ||

Translation

Được các bậc Đại Thánh, những người đáng tôn xưng bởi hạnh khổ tu, hết lời ca ngợi như vậy, hai vị ấy lại tiếp tục cất tiếng ngâm—càng thêm quyến rũ, ngọt ngào thắm thiết khôn cùng.

Word by Word

• एवम्: thus, in this manner
• एवम्: Viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: evam (अव्यय)
• Form: क्रियाविशेषण-अव्यय (adverb: 'thus')

• प्रशस्यमानौ: being praised
• प्रशस्यमानौ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: praśasyamāna (कृदन्त; √śaṃs (शंस्) + प्र + यक्/य + श्यन्?; here present passive participle in -māna)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, द्विवचन; वर्तमानकाले कर्मणि (being praised)

• तौ: those two
• तौ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, द्विवचन; सर्वनाम

• तपःश्लाघ्यैः: commendable for austerities
• तपःश्लाघ्यैः: Karaṇa (करण; agent-instrument in passive sense)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tapas + ślāghya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; विशेषण (of महात्मभिः)

• महात्मभिः: by great sages
• महात्मभिः: Karaṇa (करण; by great souls/sages)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mahātman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन

• संरक्ततरम्: more captivating
• संरक्ततरम्: Karma (कर्म; object-qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: saṃrakta-tara (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक; saṃ + rakta + तरप्)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; तरप्-प्रत्यय (comparative) विशेषण

• अत्यर्थम्: exceedingly, very much
• अत्यर्थम्: Viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: atyartham (अव्यय)
• Form: क्रियाविशेषण-अव्यय (intensifier adverb)

• मधुरम्: sweetly
• मधुरम्: Karma (कर्म; object-qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: madhura (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण

• तौ: those two
• तौ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, द्विवचन

• अगायताम्: sang
• अगायताम्: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √gai (गै) (धातु)
• Form: लङ् (imperfect/past), प्रथमपुरुष, द्विवचन; परस्मैपद

Context

Praised in this manner by the great sages commendable for their austerities, they chanted even with greater charm and sweetness.

Characters & Entities

• Kuśa
• Lava

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma grows through sādhus’ approval: when the austere and wise praise what is righteous, it strengthens and elevates the performer’s commitment to truthful expression.

What is the narrative situation?

After receiving praise from eminent ascetics, Kuśa and Lava continue singing with increased charm.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Responsiveness to wise guidance—accepting encouragement without pride and offering an even better, more devoted performance.