Ramayana — Bala Kanda, Sarga 36, Shloka 5

बालकाण्ड सर्ग ३६

गङ्गा-प्रभवप्रश्नः, शिवतेजोधारणं, कार्त्तिकेय-जन्म, उमाशापः

Devanagari script

तथा ब्रुवति काकुत्स्थे विश्वामित्रस्तपोधन:।निखिलेन कथां सर्वामृषिमध्ये न्यवेदयत्।।।।

Transliteration

tathā bruvati kākutsthe viśvāmitras tapo-dhanaḥ |

nikhilena kathāṃ sarvām ṛṣi-madhye nyavedayat ||

Translation

Khi hoàng tử dòng Kakutstha nói như vậy, hiền triết Viśvāmitra—người lấy khổ hạnh làm gia tài—đã ở giữa hội các ṛṣi mà thuật lại trọn vẹn toàn bộ câu chuyện.

Word by Word

• तथा: thus
• तथा: Prakāra-adhikaraṇa (प्रकाराधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (प्रकारवाचक-अव्यय)

• ब्रुवति: while (he) was speaking
• ब्रुवति: Sati-saptamī (सति-सप्तमी)
• Type: Verb
• Root: brū (धातु)
• Form: Present active participle (शतृ/वर्तमानकृदन्त), Locative (सप्तमी/7), Singular (एकवचन), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग); locative absolute with काकुत्स्थे

• काकुत्स्थे: when Kakutstha (Rāma)
• काकुत्स्थे: Sati-saptamī (सति-सप्तमी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kākutstha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Locative (सप्तमी/7), Singular (एकवचन); in locative absolute

• विश्वामित्रः: Viśvāmitra
• विश्वामित्रः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: viśvāmitra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

• तपोधनः: one whose wealth is austerity
• तपोधनः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tapas + dhana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Bahuvrīhi-samāsa (बहुव्रीहि): tapo dhanaṃ yasya saḥ. Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); epithet of विश्वामित्रः

• निखिलेन: completely
• निखिलेन: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: nikhila (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Adjective used adverbially, Neuter/masculine (contextual), Instrumental (तृतीया/3), Singular (एकवचन)

• कथाम्: the story
• कथाम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kathā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन)

• सर्वाम्: entire
• सर्वाम्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Adjective (विशेषण), Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन); qualifying कथाम्

• ऋषिमध्ये: among the sages
• ऋषिमध्ये: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ṛṣi + madhya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa-samāsa (तत्पुरुष): ṛṣīṇāṃ madhye (सप्तमी-तत्पुरुष). Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (सप्तमी/7), Singular (एकवचन)

• न्यवेदयत्: related / explained
• न्यवेदयत्: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ni-vid (धातु)
• Form: Imperfect (लङ्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)

Context

Having heard the words of the son of the Kakusthas, Viswamitra, vested with the wealth of asceticism, revealed the complete story in detail in the presence of the sages.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma (Kākutstha)
• Viśvāmitra
• Sages (ṛṣayaḥ)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

It emphasizes satya in teaching: a complete and faithful narration by a disciplined teacher (tapo-dhana) is part of dharmic knowledge transmission.

What is the narrative situation?

After Rāma’s inquiry, Viśvāmitra begins to narrate the full backstory before the assembled sages.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Guru-guṇa: authority grounded in tapas (ascetic discipline) and clarity in instruction.