Ramayana — Bala Kanda, Sarga 33, Shloka 15

कुशनाभकन्याशतविवाहः — The Marriage of Kuśanābha’s Hundred Daughters

and the Birth of Brahmadatta

Devanagari script

परितुष्टं मुनिं ज्ञात्वा गन्धर्वी मधुरस्वरा।उवाच परमप्रीता वाक्यज्ञा वाक्यकोविदम्।।1.33.15।।

Transliteration

parituṣṭaṃ muniṃ jñātvā gandharvī madhurasvarā | uvāca paramaprītā vākyajñā vākyakovidam ||

Translation

Biết vị hiền thánh đã mãn nguyện, nàng Gandharvī giọng ngọt như mật, lòng tràn hoan hỷ, khéo lời khéo ý, bèn thưa với bậc tinh thông ngôn từ.

Word by Word

• परितुष्टम्: pleased
• परितुष्टम्: Visheshana (विशेषण of ‘मुनिम्’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परि-तुष् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त; पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘pleased’ (qualifying मुनिम्)

• मुनिम्: the sage
• मुनिम्: Karma (कर्म/Object of ‘ज्ञात्वा’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मुनि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• ज्ञात्वा: having known
• ज्ञात्वा: Kriya-viseshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ज्ञा (धातु) + त्वा (क्त्वा)
• Form: क्त्वान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (absolutive)

• गन्धर्वी: the gandharvī (celestial maiden)
• गन्धर्वी: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गन्धर्वी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• मधुर-स्वरा: sweet-voiced
• मधुर-स्वरा: Visheshana (विशेषण of ‘गन्धर्वी’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मधुर (प्रातिपदिक) + स्वर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय-समास (मधुरः स्वरः यस्याः); स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• उवाच: said
• उवाच: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• परम-प्रीता: exceedingly delighted
• परम-प्रीता: Visheshana (विशेषण of ‘गन्धर्वी’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परम (प्रातिपदिक) + प्रीत (प्रातिपदिक/क्त)
• Form: कर्मधारय-समास; स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• वाक्य-ज्ञा: skilled in speech
• वाक्य-ज्ञा: Visheshana (विशेषण of ‘गन्धर्वी’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वाक्य (प्रातिपदिक) + ज्ञ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (वाक्येषु ज्ञा); स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• वाक्य-कोविदम्: to the expert in speech
• वाक्य-कोविदम्: Karma (कर्म/Object of ‘उवाच’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वाक्य (प्रातिपदिक) + कोविद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (वाक्ये कोविदः); पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; संबोधनार्थं/कर्मरूपेण ‘to the speech-expert’

Context

Having perceived that the sage was satisfied, the gandharva who was skilled in speech said exceedingly delighted to the sage in a sweet voice.

Characters & Entities

• Somadā (Gandharvī)
• Cūlī (muni)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma in communication: speaking with propriety, restraint, and clarity—especially before a guru—reflects inner discipline and respect.

What is the narrative situation?

Somadā prepares to state her request after recognizing that Cūlī is ready to grant a boon.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Vāk-saṃskāra (refined speech) grounded in humility and joy rather than entitlement.