Ramayana — Bala Kanda, Sarga 16, Shloka 5

पायसप्रादुर्भावः

The Manifestation of the Divine Payasa and the Avatara Resolution

Devanagari script

सन्तुष्ट: प्रददौ तस्मै राक्षसाय वरं प्रभु:। 04नानाविधेभ्यो भूतेभ्यो भयं नान्यत्र मानुषात्।।।।अवज्ञाता: पुरा तेन वरदाने हि मानवा:। 105

Transliteration

santuṣṭaḥ pradadau tasmai rākṣasāya varaṁ prabhuḥ | nānā-vidhebhyo bhūtebhyo bhayaṁ nānyatra mānuṣāt || avajñātāḥ purā tena vara-dāne hi mānavāḥ ||

Translation

Được làm vui lòng, Đấng Chúa Tể ban cho tên rākṣasa ấy một ân huệ: hắn sẽ không phải sợ hãi trước muôn loài hữu tình, ngoại trừ loài người. Bởi khi cầu xin ân ban ấy, hắn xưa kia đã khinh miệt con người.

Word by Word

• evam: thus
• evam: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: evam (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (manner)

• pitāmahāt: from the Grandfather (Brahmā)
• pitāmahāt: Apādāna (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pitāmaha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Ablative (पञ्चमी), Singular

• tasmāt: from him
• tasmāt: Apādāna (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Sarvanāma, Masculine, Ablative, Singular; refers to 'pitāmahāt'

• varam: boon
• varam: Karma (कर्म) — object of 'prāpya'
• Type: Noun
• Root: vara (प्रातिपदik)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• prāpya: having obtained
• prāpya: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √āp (आप् धातु) with pra-
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वान्त), ‘having obtained’

• saḥ: he
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• darpitaḥ: became arrogant
• darpitaḥ: Karta (कर्ता) — qualifier
• Type: Adjective
• Root: darpita (प्रातिपदिक; PPP from √dṛp)
• Form: PPP (क्त), Masculine, Nominative, Singular; predicate qualifier of 'saḥ'

• utsādayati: destroys/ruins
• utsādayati: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √sad (सद् धातु) with ut- (causative sense in usage)
• Form: Laṭ-lakāra (लट्, present), Parasmaipada, Prathama-puruṣa, Singular

• lokān: worlds
• lokān: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: loka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• trīn: three
• trīn: Karma (कर्म) — adjectival
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tri (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Numeral adjective, Masculine, Accusative, Plural; viśeṣaṇa of 'lokān'

• striyaḥ: women
• striyaḥ: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: strī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Plural

• ca: and
• ca: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चय-निपात)

• api: also
• api: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात), ‘also’

• apakarṣati: drags away/carries off
• apakarṣati: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √kṛṣ (कृष् धातु) with apa-
• Form: Laṭ-lakāra (present), Parasmaipada, Prathama-puruṣa, Singular

• tasmāt: therefore
• tasmāt: Hetu (हेतु) — reason marker
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Sarvanāma, Masculine/Neuter, Ablative, Singular; causal ‘therefore’ usage

• tasya: of him
• tasya: Śeṣa (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• vadhaḥ: killing/death
• vadhaḥ: Karta (कर्ता) — subject of 'dṛṣṭaḥ'
• Type: Noun
• Root: vadha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• dṛṣṭaḥ: is seen/foreseen
• dṛṣṭaḥ: Kriyā-samānādhikaraṇa (क्रिया-समानााधिकरण) — predicate
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dṛṣṭa (प्रातिपदिक; PPP from √dṛś)
• Form: PPP (क्त), Masculine, Nominative, Singular; predicate of 'vadhaḥ' (‘is seen/foreseen’)

• mānuṣebhyaḥ: by humans
• mānuṣebhyaḥ: Apādāna (अपादान) / Kartṛ-karaṇa (agent in passive sense)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mānuṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Ablative (पञ्चमी), Plural; agent/source sense ‘by/from humans’

• parantapa: O scorcher of foes
• parantapa: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: parantapa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

Context

Then the excellent consorts of the king who glowed like fire and the Sun, having consumed the choicest payasam, became pregnant in a short time.

Characters & Entities

• Rāvaṇa
• Brahmā

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Pride and contempt distort judgment: disregarding the ‘small’ (humans) becomes the very opening through which adharma is checked.

What is the narrative situation?

Brahmā grants Rāvaṇa near-invulnerability; Rāvaṇa excludes humans, thinking them insignificant.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

The verse implicitly praises humility and discernment—virtues Rāvaṇa lacks while seeking power.