Ramayana — Bala Kanda, Sarga 14, Shloka 12

अश्वमेधप्रवृत्तिः

Commencement and Performance of Daśaratha’s Aśvamedha

Devanagari script

दीयतां दीयतामन्नं वासांसि विविधानि च।इति सञ्चोदितास्तत्र तथा चक्रुरनेकश:।।।।

Transliteration

dīyatāṃ dīyatām annaṃ vāsāṃsi vividhāni ca |

iti sañcoditās tatra tathā cakrur anekaśaḥ || 1.14.12 ||

Translation

“Hãy bố thí, hãy bố thí cơm ăn, và cả y phục đủ mọi loại nữa!” Được thúc giục như thế tại đó, họ đã thực hiện lặp đi lặp lại, với số lượng vô kể.

Word by Word

• dīyatām: let (it) be given
• dīyatām: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √dā (दा)
• Form: लोट् (Imperative/benedictive sense), कर्मणि-प्रयोग (passive), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; विधिलिङ्-सदृश आज्ञार्थ: 'let it be given'

• dīyatām: let (it) be given
• dīyatām: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √dā (दा)
• Form: लोट्, कर्मणि (passive), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; पुनरुक्ति-बल (repetition for emphasis)

• annam: food
• annam: Karma (कर्म/object to be given)
• Type: Noun
• Root: anna (अन्न) (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/accusative), एकवचन

• vāsāṃsi: garments; clothes
• vāsāṃsi: Karma (कर्म/object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vāsa (वासस्/वास) (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), बहुवचन

• vividhāni: various
• vividhāni: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vividha (विविध) (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), बहुवचन; विशेषण (qualifying vāsāṃsi)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय

• iti: thus
• iti: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/quotation marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iti (अव्यय)
• Form: उद्धरण/वाक्य-समाप्त्यर्थक-अव्यय (quotative particle)

• sañcoditāḥ: having been urged
• sañcoditāḥ: Karta (कर्ता/subject of 'cakruḥ')
• Type: Noun
• Root: saṃ-√cud (सम् + चुद्) क्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (past passive participle: 'urged')

• tatra: there
• tatra: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/location)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatra (अव्यय)
• Form: देशवाचक-अव्यय

• tathā: accordingly
• tathā: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: प्रकारवाचक-अव्यय (in that manner)

• cakruḥ: they did; they carried out
• cakruḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √kṛ (कृ)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), बहुवचन

• anekaśaḥ: profusely; repeatedly
• anekaśaḥ: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: anekaśas (अनेकशस्) (अव्यय)
• Form: प्रकार/परिमाणवाचक-अव्यय (adverb: in many ways; profusely)

Context

"Give food, give, various kinds of clothes" echoed the organisers. And they (in charge of distribution) did.

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma as active charity: righteousness is not only intention but organized, repeated giving—food and clothing—executed faithfully.

What is the narrative situation?

Organizers instruct attendants to keep distributing necessities, and the attendants comply abundantly.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Reliability in service—those tasked with giving do so consistently and extensively.