Valmiki Ramayana 2.75.1 — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 75, Shloka 1

अयोध्याकाण्डे पञ्चसप्ततितमः सर्गः

Sarga 75: Bharata and Kausalya—Reproach, Oaths, and Reconciliation

Devanagari script

दीर्घकालात्समुत्थाय संज्ञां लब्ध्वा च वीर्यवान्।नेत्राभ्यामश्रुपूर्णाभ्यां दीनामुद्वीक्ष्य मातरम्।।।।सोऽमात्यमध्ये भरतो जननीमभ्यकुत्सयत्।

Transliteration

dīrghakālāt samutthāya saṅjñāṃ labdhvā ca vīryavān |

netrābhyām aśrupūrṇābhyāṃ dīnām udvīkṣya mātaram ||

so ’mātyamadhye bharato jananīm abhyakutsayat |

Translation

Sau một hồi lâu mới tỉnh dậy, Bharata—bậc dũng mãnh—đứng lên, lấy lại thần trí; đôi mắt đẫm lệ nhìn mẹ mình thảm sầu, rồi giữa hàng quần thần, chàng quở trách mẫu thân.

Word by Word

• dīrgha-kālāt: after a long time
• dīrgha-kālāt: Apādāna (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dīrgha (प्रातिपदिक) + kāla (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/Ablative), एकवचन; कर्मधारयः—‘दीर्घः कालः’ (a long time)

• samutthāya: having risen
• samutthāya: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √sthā (स्था) with sam-ut (उपसर्ग)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), ‘having risen up’

• saṅjñām: consciousness/senses
• saṅjñām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: saṅjñā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन

• labdhvā: having regained
• labdhvā: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √labh (लभ्)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive), ‘having obtained/regained’

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• vīryavān: valiant
• vīryavān: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vīryavat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; गुणवाचक (possessive adj.)

• netrābhyām: with (his) two eyes
• netrābhyām: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: netra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), द्विवचन

• aśru-pūrṇābhyām: filled with tears
• aśru-pūrṇābhyām: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: aśru (प्रातिपदिक) + pūrṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, द्विवचन; तृतीया-बहुवचन? (agreement with netrābhyām); तत्पुरुषः—‘अश्रुभिः पूर्णे’ (filled with tears)

• dīnām: wretched/afflicted
• dīnām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dīna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘mātaram’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• udvīkṣya: having looked at
• udvīkṣya: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √īkṣ (ईक्ष्) with ud (उद्)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive), ‘having looked up/seen’

• mātaram: mother
• mātaram: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mātṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• saḥ: he
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• amātya-madhye: among the ministers
• amātya-madhye: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: amātya (प्रातिपदिक) + madhya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; सप्तमी-तत्पुरुषः—‘अमात्यानां मध्ये’ (in the midst of ministers)

• bharataḥ: Bharata
• bharataḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bharata (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• jananīm: mother (his mother)
• jananīm: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: jananī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• abhyakutsayat: rebuked/condemned
• abhyakutsayat: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √kuts (कुत्स्) with abhi (अभि)
• Form: लङ् (Imperfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपद

Context

On regaining his senses after a long time, the valiant Bharata looked at his unfortunate mother whose eyes were filled with tears, and condemned her amidst the counsellors.

Characters & Entities

• Bharata
• Kaikeyī

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma in governance includes public accountability: wrongdoing affecting the realm must be confronted openly, even when family ties make it painful.

What is the narrative situation?

Bharata recovers from shock/grief and, before the ministers, begins condemning his mother for the events leading to the crisis.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Courage and impartiality: Bharata places righteousness above private attachment.