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Valmiki Ramayana 2.40.29Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 40, Shloka 29

प्रयाणवर्णनम्

Departure from Ayodhya; Civic Lament and the Chariot’s Urgency

शुश्रुवे चाग्रतः स्त्रीणां रुदन्तीनां महास्वनः।यथा नादः करेणूनां बद्धे महति कुञ्जरे।।।।

śuśruve cāgrataḥ strīṇāṃ rudantīnāṃ mahā-svanaḥ | yathā nādaḥ kareṇūnāṃ baddhe mahati kuñjare ||

Và ở phía trước, ngài nghe tiếng khóc than vang dội của những phụ nữ đang nức nở—như tiếng rống của voi cái khi con voi đực hùng mạnh bị trói buộc.

śuśruvewas heard
śuśruve:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√śru (श्रु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; आत्मनेपदम्; श्रवणार्थ (was heard)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चय (and)
agrataḥin front
agrataḥ:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootagratas (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्यय; तसिल्-प्रत्ययान्त: अग्रतः (in front/ahead)
strīṇāmof women
strīṇām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootstrī (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th), बहुवचन
rudantīnāmcrying
rudantīnām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeAdjective
Root√rud (रुद्) + शतृ
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th), बहुवचन; वर्तमानकाले कृदन्त: crying; विशेषणम् (qualifies strīṇām)
mahā-svanaḥa loud sound
mahā-svanaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootmahā + svana (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; कर्मधारयः (mahān svanaḥ = loud sound)
yathālike
yathā:
Upama (उपमा)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyathā (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; उपमार्थक (like/as)
nādaḥsound
nādaḥ:
Upamana (उपमान)
TypeNoun
Rootnāda (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; उपमान-पदम्
kareṇūnāmof female elephants
kareṇūnām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootkareṇū (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th), बहुवचन
baddhewhen bound
baddhe:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Root√bandh (बन्ध्) + क्त
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त; सप्तमी-सम्बन्धे (when/while fastened)
mahatigreat/huge
mahati:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootmahat (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन; विशेषणम् (qualifies kuñjare)
kuñjareelephant
kuñjare:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootkuñjara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन; अधिकरण-सप्तमी (in/when a great elephant)

He heard the women crying loudly in front like wailings of cow-elephants when their bull elephant is captured.

D
Daśaratha (implied hearer)
P
palace women
K
kuñjara (bull elephant)

FAQs

The verse underscores the social cost of dharmic upheaval: when the righteous are separated from their place, collective suffering erupts—dharma is not abstract but affects an entire community.

As the king comes out, he hears intense lamentation from the women, described through an evocative elephant simile.

Not a single virtue but the depth of shared loyalty and attachment within the royal household, expressed as uncontrollable grief.

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